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.04 MCA-2006-01 review R1 Zoning Ordinance CITY OF CUPERTINO 10300 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, California 95014 DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM Application: Applicant: Property Owner: Property Location: MCA-2006-01 City of Cupertino Various City-wide Agenda Date: January 23, 2007 Application Summary: Review of Chapter 19.28 Single-Family Residential (R1) Zones regarding developments proposed on properties with an average slope of 15 % or greater. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Planning Commission: 1. Take public testimony; and 2. Provide direction on ordinance changes if necessary; and/ or 3. Provide recommendations to the City Council. BACKGROUND The following is a brief summary of the background: . Prior to 1993, the City had limited policies and guidelines regulating properties located in the hillside area. . The General Plan of 1993 incorporated more extensive development standards intended to minimize negative impacts on hillside resources. In that same year, the Residential Hillside (RHS) Zoning District was revised with a set of comprehensive hillside development regulations. . On January 18, 2005, the City Council approved amendments to the R1 Ordinance applying hillside standards to Rllots with an average slope of 15% or greater. Please refer to the attached R1 Ordinance Amendment Bulletin for the detail background information. DISCUSSION The new R1 hillside standards raise three fundamental points, the difference between R1 and RHS standards, slope applicability and geographical applicability. The following is a brief discussion on each point. Rl vs. RHS The main difference between the R1 and RHS Ordinances is the permitted house size in relationship to parcel size. The R1 Ordinance permits a maximum 45% Floor Area Ratio tf -" I MCA-2006-01 January 23, 2007 Page 2 (F AR). The R1 FAR is not capped and increases as the size of the property increases regardless of the slope of the property. The maximum home size under the RHS Ordinance is a function of the property size and steepness capped at 6,500 square feet maximum. Under the RHS Ordinance, the allowable home size decreases as the slope of the lot increases. Example: A maximum 9,000 sq. ft. home is allowed on a 20,000 sq. ft. lot under the R1 Ordinance. However, under the RHS ordinance, the same lot (assuming a 15% average slope) will only permit a 4,714 sq. ft. home (the sq. ft. of the home may be further limited depending on the steepness of the lot). In addition, the RHS Ordinance places greater emphasis on appropriate home size, proper site drainage, grading activities and design standards that are compatible to the terrain. The RHS Ordinance provides additional development guidelines to minimize any visual and/ or physical impacts to the hillside and to the adjoining neighboring properties. Please refer to the attached RHS Ordinance summary table for a detailed list of key sections of the RHS Ordinance that are applicable to R1 hillside properties. Slope Applicability Prior to the 2005 amendment, R1 development occurring on portions of a lot with slopes 30% or greater is required to adhere to both the R1 and RHS Ordinance, whichever is more restrictive. The City has been sensitive to hillside developments in the recent years and the City Council as part of the 2005 R1 Ordinance Amendment adjusted the threshold for applying RHS regulations to R1lots with an average slope of 15% or greater. The reason why 15% slope was suggested was because the General Plan identifies that minimum slope problems increases to significant slope problems at 15%. In addition at 15% or greater, slope becomes a very significant factor in development. Development of level building sites requires extensive cut and fill in this slope category and the design of individual houses to fit terrain becomes important. 100 Ft. 15% Average Slope ~ The Planning Commission has the following options: 1. Retain the average 15% slope threshold; or 2. Adjust the threshold anywhere between an average slope range of 15% to 30%; or 3. Revert back to the original 30% threshold standard. J-f ~ :? MCA-2006-01 January 23, 2007 Page 3 EXAMPLES OF SLOPE .- Approx. 15% to 20% Slope . " ~~...~~ ~t:~ . ..;e. . ~. ;"'~;'7~." #. . ,,', "";.)C<:~F')ci;;:,'~i.l;t~ ~~~1i!tr... <. . (:. r",., ,'cf;>;;'~'l..\"\!~~:f..l"""''''''--~'''''''';'''','' r<rr' <,,"'~';\lr,,'l.:,,"....n"': .t:;~.:r'~'..:"',"'- "",,::.;:".~i\\,,,~~'J.'~'<< .,. " . ..;.~~):"";nr~~,'~$I""f/'';;'' _'("llllt~".'''''''~''' - . . ' ,', ...~j_~.~!(;;.~~:l..' ,-~.iJ'fl' .-;""''''':-':~'.'.' . >" . '.-' '*....,.;;,.~~. . ~,.~"""'~.~ . .\ + ....;.,.,..";,~'~.I".. " '~:-:. . ,~'..~:" . ~';~'Ji~'~':"'~~,,::;~ .... Approx. 30% + Slope -.I. ..--- --. .......--._-.~- /~., ----.:... .~- ~. :'11 ('\ ..' .....:.:=. /.~:.....<:.'~ !\I i"..;;,..: ..... Approx. 40%+ Slope ..~ J. 'HI .~ , f \ ttr .? MCA-2006-01 January 23, 2007 Page 4 Geographical Applicability This issue basically boils down to where the hillside slope begins. In the past, the City has used a 10% slope line to demarcate hillside properties from flatter valley floor properties. This is evident of the hillside transition line or urban/hillside boundary found on several General Plan maps (please refer to the General Plan Figure 2-B & Figure 5-B). The majority of the properties up slope or west of the hillside transition line are zoned Residential Hillside (RHS) and is under the City's hillside development standards. However, there is a hand full of properties that are upslope or west of the hillside transition line that are currently zoned Rl. These properties may posses the same hillside characteristics in terms of steepness/ slope, size or development potential but are not protected by the same hillside development standards. From an equity perspective, all of the residential hillside properties west of the hillside transition line should be governed by the same hillside standards in order to protect the look and feel of the hillsides. Currently, the new 2005 Rl hillside standards are applicable to any Rllots with an average slope of 15% or greater, regardless of their geographical location. This means that smaller Rl sloping lots located in an existing established neighborhood on the valley floor (east of the hillside transition line) will also be affected. The hillside development standards on these lots will have limited effects since their development potential have been maximized. The new Rl Ordinance is intent to affect development intensities on hillside properties that are located west of the hillside transition line that are currently zoned Rl but have slopes similar to other RHS properties. Planning Commission has the following options: 1. Retain the geographical applicability of the current Rl hillside development standards; or 2. Limit the geographical applicability of the hillside development standards to only properties west of the hillside transition line (10% slope line); or 3. Revert to Rl hillside standards prior to the 2005 Rl Ordinance Amendment where only developments on slopes of 30% or greater will be subjected to the hillside standards regardless of geographical location. Prepared by: Gary Chao, Associate Planner-u-~ Approved by: Steve Piasecki, Director of Community Developme~ Enclosures: Rl Ordinance Amendment Community Bulletin C~ RHS Ordinance Summary Table General Plan Slope Description Slope Concerns (Appendix F) Findings of the Environmental Review Committee Rl Ordinance RHS Ordinance Lf -tf .....' 0' 01 NI OO~ >- :;;. . ::II 1:' nI. " I I City of Cupertino Community Outreach Bulletin R1 ORDINANCE AMENDMENT HillSIDE PRO,PERTIES The General Plan and City Ordinances Online The City's RHSlRI OIdnnaoces and the General Plan may be downloaded or viewed on the web at _.cupertino.org! . planning How is Slope Determined? The slope or the gradient is commonly used to describe the measurement of the steep- ness, incline, or grade of a straight line. A higher slope value indicates a steeper incline. The slope can be defined in several I ways: As the relationship between the sides I of the triangle representing a vertical sec- ,tion of a hill, or as the angle between the . terrain and the horizontal plane. For the I purpose of defining hillside properties in R 1 I Zoning Districts, the concept of steepness I of terrain will be defined and discussed as a "percentage of slope: ,"Percent of slope" is defined as a measure- ment of steepness of slope which is the ratio between vertical and horizontal dis- tances expressed in percent. As illustrated below, a 15% slope is one which rises vertically 15 ft. in a 100 ft. horizontal dis- I tance. I . 15'Jikera9"Slope . _ / ~ ~.~~ 15Ft. ~,..,..- ~ 100 A.. Affected Properties Properties that are currently located in a Single Family Residential (Rl) Zoning District with all of the following characteristics: . Overall average slope of 15% or greater. . Vacant or occupied properties. ~ Background The Cupertino City Planning Commission will be holding a public hearing on January 23, 2007 to discuss the applicability of a previ- ously amended section (19.28.050C1) of the Single Family Residential (R1) Zone relating to development standards on properties with an average slope equal or greater than fifteen (15%) percent. Residential Hillside (RHS) Zoning District was revised with a set of comprehensive hillside development regulations. Currently the hill- side properties (RHS Zones) and the valley floor (R1 Zones) are divided by a 10% slope line. However, there are numerous R1 Prop- erties that are located on the hillsides and possess hillside characteristics that warrant the same hillside development standards from the RHS Ordinance. Prior to 1993, the City limited policies and guidelines regulating properties located in the hillside area. The General Plan of 1993 incor- porated more extensive development stan- dards intended to minimize negative impacts on hillside resources. In that same year, the On January 18, 2005, the City Council ap- proved amendments to the R1 Ordinance. The council decided to increase the develop- ment standards for the R1 hillside properties. Intent The Cupertino General Plan promotes hillside protection. The General Plan Policies 2-48 to 2- 52 outline goals and standards for hillside developments. The City Council recognized the sen- sitivity of constructing in the hillsides therefore adjusted the trigger point for increased regulation for R1 hillside properties. The intent of the stricter R1 hillside standards is to ensure a balance between residential developments and preservation of natural hillside settings. . Applicability The new R1 Ordinance now requires all development on properties with an average slope equal to or greater than 15% must meet both R 1 and RHS regulations, whichever is more restrictive. The RHS Ordinance places greater emphasis on appropriate house size, proper site drainage, grading activities and design standards that are compatible to the terrain. The main difference between the R 1 and RHS Ordinance is the allowable house size relative to the parcel size. Please refer to the following summary table for the key differences of the two ordinances: RHS R1 ar-r.fIltl111Ifit.I'~'i;I:ll.(,~ dfiryI" fi1~n1I-[.Itof~~ Jf-5 ..... c Q) E -0 C Q) E <{ Q) u C l\l C "2 o City of Cupertino Community Outreach Bulletin How is the Community Included in the Planning Process? The City is Committed to involving the commu- nity in the planning process for the R 1 Ordi- nance Amendment on hillside properties by es- tablishing a thorough and open process that pro- vides numerous opportunities for community input at the up coming Planning Commission and City Council hearings. In addition, any resi- dence may contact City staff with questions or inputs. The inputs received from the public will be forwarded to the Planning Commission and City Council for consideration. C~y of Cupertino Planning Department 10300 Torre Avenue Cupertino. CA 95014 0::: Phone: 408.777 .324 7 Fax: 408.777.3333 E-mail: garyc@wpertino.org Please contact, Gary Chao, Associate Planner for questions or additional information @ 408.777.3247 or garyc@cupertino.org. Web Address: www.cupertino.org/ planning Who Should Care? th-e ;wn~~, -de-velope~s and/or ~eighbors of R 1 zoned properties j with an average slope of 15% or greater. - --- The Planning Process - - - => On December 22. 2006, the City of Cupertino mailed notices to residences located west of the Union Pacific railroad track regarding the up coming Planning Commission meeting. => The Planning Commission is meeting on January 23, 2007 to discuss and review public inputs on the revised ordinance regarding R1 hillside properties. l ....e.otential-P-o.ints-of-D.iscussion ,Slope AppliCabilit~ - Sh0ulCii"tl:1e trigger peiQt be.adjws.ted? => There may be additional Planning Commission meetings depending on the discussions and the recommendations of the Planning Commission. => The City Council meeting will be determined at a later date. Geographical App.ticabflity - Should the new R1 hillside de- velopment standards be applied to all R 1 properties or just the properties on the hillside west of the 10% sloRe line? l-f -6 Total house size Downhill facing setbacks Maximum downhill facing wall height Articulation rules Site Grading Colors RHS Ordinance Summar Table RHS Slope & Lot Size Adjustment Criteria* (capped at 6,500 sq. ft. . At least 75% of the 2nd story downhill facing wall plane shall be set back an average of 7.5 ft. and in no case less than 5 ft. The remaining 25% may not extend pass the 1st story wall lane. 15 ft. maximum. Rl Maximum 45 % of the net lot size (no cap). NjA NjA The downhill elevation of the N j A main structure shall have a min. of 4 offset building and roof elements. Wall planes exceeding 1 story or 12 ft. in height, whichever is more restrictive, must contain architectural elements which provide relief and break up ex ansive wall lanes. All site grading shall be limited N j A to a cumulative total of 2,500 cubic yards (cut + fill). A maximum of 2,000 sq. ft. of flat yard area may be graded excludin drivewa s . Exterior colors of all structures N j A on the lot shall use natural earth tone and! or vegetation colors and shall not exceed a reflectivity value of 60 on a flat surface. 4--~ Lighting RHS No high intensity lights are permitted for tennis courts, or other recreational purposes. Movement-activated security lights, not to exceed 100 watts, are permitted but must be shielded to avoid all off-site intrusion. Rl N/A Fencing Solid board fencing shall be N / A limited to 5,000 sq. ft. for lots exceeding 30,000 sq. ft. in net lot area. o en fencin is encoura ed. Landscaping A license landscape architect N/ A / soil erosion shall prepare a tree planting plan and, in consultation with the applicant and the City Engineer, shall submit a plan to prevent soil erosion and to screen out and fill slo es. *The actual house size may be less than 6,500 sq. ft. depending on the lot size and steepness of the property. Home size decreases when steepness of the lot mcreases. '+....'0 GENERAL PLAN DESCRIPTION OF SLOPE CONCERNS Appendix F Percent of Slope Description of Slope; Problems Relatively level land. Little or no development problems due to steepness of slope. 08K, )-15(;>;, 15-30% 30-50";, 5\.)1~(,+ ?v1inimum slope problems increasing to significant slope problems at lS'}\). lS'X, is the maximum grade otten considered desirable on subdivision streets, Above lSl)(" roads must run diagonally to, rather than at right angles to contours in.creas- ing the amount ()f cut and filL For example, the lower segment of San Juan Road in the Cupertino foothills averages 20% in grade, Slope becomes a v('ry significant factor in development at this steepness. Development of level building sites requires extensive cut and fill in this slope categl''1' and the design of individual hOLlses to fit terrain becomes important. Slope is extremely critical in this rang('. Allowable steepness of cut and rill slopes approach \ lr Ct ,ine idt:> ,,,,ith natural sl()~X's resulting in very largl;' cuts and fills under cnnn-ntlonal developml'nt. In some cases, fill ,,,,ill not hold on these slopes unless speciall'etaining devices are used. Because (,f the gmding problems associltell with this catel.::ory, indivillual homes should be placed on natural building sites where tIwy occur, or buildinr.::s should be designed to fit the particular site, Almost any devt'k'pment can result in extreme disturbances in this slope categ,)ry. Except in tIle most stable native material special retaining devices may he needed. 4--11 CITY OF CUPERTINO RECOMMEND A nON OF ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW COMMITTEE January 10, 2007 As provided by the Environmental Assessment Procedure, adopted by the City Council of the City of Cupertino on May 27, 1983, as amended, the following described project was reviewed by the Environmental Review Committee of the City of Cupertino on January 10, 2007. PROTECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION Application No.: Applicant: Location: MCA-2006-01 (EA-2006~12) City of Cupertino Citywide DISCRETIONARY ACTION REQUEST Municipal Code Amendment to Chapter 19.28 Single Family Residential (R1) Zones regarding buildings proposed on properties with an average slope equal to or greater than fifteen percent FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW COMMITTEE The Environmental Review Committee recommends the granting of a Negative Declaration finding that the project is consistent with the General Plan and has no significa environmental impacts. Steve Piasecki Director of Community Development g/ercjREC EA-2006-12 J..t --1..< Check with the Public Works Department regarding potential street dedication prior to designing a new home or an addition. 19.28.010 CHAPTER 19.28: SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (Rl) ZONES Section 19.28.010 19.28.020 19.28.030 19.28.040 19.28.050 19.28.060 19.28.070 19.28.080 19.28.090 19.28.100 19.28.110 19.28.120 Purposes. Applicability of regulations. Permitted uses. Conditional uses. Development regulations (site). Development regulations (building). Landscape requirements. Permitted yard encroachments. Minor residential permit. Two-story residential permit. Exceptions. Development regulations-Eichler (Rl-e). Development regulations-(R I-a). Interpretation by the Planning Director. 19.28.130 19.28.140 19.28.010 Purposes. R -1 single-family residence districts are intended to create, preserve and enhance areas suitable for detached dwellings in order to: A. Enhance the identity of residential neighborhoods; B. Ensure provision of light, air and a reasonable level of privacy to individual residential parcels; C. Ensure a reasonable level of compatibility in scale of structures within residential peighborhoods; D. Reinforce the predominantly low-intensity setting in the community; (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005; Ord. 1868, (part), 2001; Ord. 1860, ~ 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999; Ord. 1601, Exh. A (part), 1992) 19.28.020 Applicability of Regulations. No building, structure or land shall be used, and no building or structure shall be hereafter erected, structurally altered or enlarged in an R-l single-family residence district other than in conformance with the provisions of this chapter and other applicable provisions of this title. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005; Ord. 1860, ~ 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999; Ord. 1601, Exh. A (part), 1992) 19.28.030 Permitted Uses. The following uses shall be permitted in the R -1 single- family residence district: 2005 S-4 A. Single-family use; B. A second dwelling unit conforming to the provisions, standards and procedures described in Chapter 19.82, except for those second dwelling units requiring a conditional use permit; C. Accessory facilities and uses customarily incidental to permitted uses and otherwise conforming with the provisions of Chapter 19.80 of this title; D. Home occupations in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 19.92; E. Horticulture, gardening, and growing of food products for consumption by occupants of the site; F. Residential care facility that is licensed by the appropriate State, County agency or department with six or less residents, not including the provider, provider family or staff; G. Small-family day care home; H. The keeping of a maximum of four adult household pets, provided that no more than two adult dogs or cats may be kept on the site; I. Utility facilities essential to provision of utility services to the neighborhood but excluding business offices, construction or storage yards, maintenance facilities, or corporation yards; J. Large-family day care homes, which meet the parking criteria contained in Chapter 19.100 and which are at least three hundred feet from any other large-family day care home. The Director of Community Development or his/her designee shall administratively approve large day care homes to ensure compliance with the parking and proximity requirements; K. Congregate residence with ten or less residents. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005; Ord. 1860, ~ 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999; Ord. 1688, ~ 3 (part), 1995; Ord. 1657, (part), 1994; Ord. 1601, Exh. A (part), 1992) 19.28.040 Conditional Uses. The following uses may be conditionally allowed in the R-1 single-family residence district, subject to the issuance of a conditional use permit: A. Issued by the Director of Community Development: 1. Temporary uses, subject to regulations established by Chapter 19.124; 29 If'I3 31 Single-Family Residential (Rl) Zones 19.28.060 1. The maximum floor area ratio of all structures on a lot shall be forty-five percent. 2. The maximum floor area of a second story shall be forty-five percent of the existing or proposed first story floor area, or seven hundred fifty square feet, whichever is greater. 3. Interior areas with heights above sixteen feet, measured from the floor to the top of the roof-rafters, have the mass and bulk of a two-story house and shall be counted as floor area. a. If the house is a two-story house, this area will count as second story floor area; otherwise, the area will count as first floor area. C. Design Guidelines. 1. Any new two-story house, or second-story addition to an existing house, shall be generally consistent with the adopted single-family residential guidelines. The Director of Community Development shall review the project and shall determine that the following items are met prior to design approval: a. The mass and bulk of the design shall be reasonably compatible with the predominant neighborhood pattern. New construction shall not be disproportionately larger than, or out of scale with, the neighborhood pattern in terms of building forms, roof pitches, eave heights, ridge heights, and entry feature heights; b. The design shall use vaulted ceilings rather than high exterior walls to achieve higher volume interior spaces; c. There shall not be a three-car wide driveway curb cut. d. No more than fifty percent of the front elevation of a house should consist of garage area. e. Long, unarticulated, exposed second story walls should be avoided since it can increase the apparent mass of the second story . f. The current pattern of side setback and garage orientation in the neighborhood should be maintained. g. When possible, doors, windows and architectural elements should be aligned with one another vertically and horizontally and symmetrical in number, size and placement. h. Porches are encouraged. i. Living area should be closer to the street, while garages should be set back more. j. All second story roofs should have at least a one- o foot overhang. D. Setback-First Story. 1. Front Yard. The minimum front yard setback is twenty feet; provided, that for a curved driveway the setback shall be a minimum of fifteen feet as long as there are no more than two such fifteen-foot setbacks occurring side by side. 2. Side Yard. The combination of the two side yard setbacks shall be fifteen feet, except that no side yard setback may be less than five feet. 2005 S-4 a. For a corner lot, the minimum side-yard setback on the street side of the lot is twelve feet. The other side yard setback shall be no less than five feet. b. For interior lots in the RI-5 district, the side yard setbacks are five feet on both sides. c. For lots that have more than two side yards, the setback shall be consistent for all side yards between the front property line and the rear property line. 3. Rear Yard. The minimum rear yard setback is twenty feet. a. With a Minor Residential Permit, subject to Section 19.28.090, the rear setback may be reduced to ten feet if, after the reduction, the usable rear yard is not less than twenty times the lot width as measured from the front setback line. 4. Garage. The front face of a garage in an Rl district shall be set back a minimum of twenty feet from a street property line. a. For projects with three-car garages oriented to the public right-of-way, the wall plane of the third space shall be set back a minimum of two feet from the wall plane of the other two spaces. E. Setback-Second Story. 1. Front and Rear Yards. The minimum front and rear setbacks are twenty-five feet. 2. Side Yard. The combination of the side setbacks shall be twenty five feet, except that no second-story side setback may be less than ten feet. a. In the case of a flag lot, the minimum setback is twenty feet from any property line. b. In the case of a corner lot, a minimum of twelve feet from a street 0 side property line and twenty feet from any rear property line of a single-family dwelling. 3. Surcharge. A setback distance equal to ten feet shall be added in whole or in any combination to the front and side-yard setback requirements specified in this section. F. Basements. 1. The number, size and volume of lightwells and basement windows and doors shall be, the minimum required by the Uniform Building Code for egress, light and ventilation, except that in the case of a single-story house with a basement, one lightwell may be up to ten feet wide and up to ten feet long. 2. No part of a lightwell retaining wall may be located within a required setback area, except as follows: a. The minimum side setback for a lightwell retaining wall shall be five feet; b. The minimum rear setback for a lightwell retaining wall shall be ten feet. 3. Lightwells that are visible from a public street shall be screened by landscaping. 4. Railings for lightwells shall be no higher than three feet in height and shall be located immediately adjacent to the lightwell. 1-f 'JJf 33 Single-Family Residential (Rl) Zones 19.28.070 b. Affected property owner(s) may choose to allow privacy planting on their own property. In such cases, the applicant must plant the privacy screening prior to issuance of a building permit. 2. Waiver. These privacy mitigation measures may be modified in any way with a signed waiver statement from the affected property owner. Modifications can include changes to the number of shrubs or trees, their species or location. C. Front- Yard Tree Planting. Applicants for new two-story homes andtwo~story additions must plant a tree in front of new second stories in the front yard setback area. The tree shall be 24 inch-box or larger, with a minimum height of six feet. The Director of Community Development can waiver this front-yard tree if there is a conflict with existing mature tree canopies on-site or in the public right- of-way. D. Species List. The Planning Division shall maintain a list of allowed privacy planting trees and shrubs. The list shall include allowed plant species, minimum size of trees and shrubs, expected canopy or spread size, and planting distance between trees. E. Covenant. The property owner shall record a covenant with the Santa Clara County Recorders Office that requires the retention of all privacy planting, or use of existing vegetation as privacy planting, prio~ to receiving a final building inspection from the Building Division. This regulation does not apply to situations described in subsection B(1)(b) of this section. F. Maintenance. The required plants shall be maintained. Landscape planting maintenance includes irrigation, fertilization and pruning as necessary to yield a growth rate expected for a particular species. G. Replacement. Where required planting is removed or dies it must be replaced within thirty days with privacy tree(s) of similar size as the tree(s) being replaced, unless it is determined to be infeasible by the Director of Community Development. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005) 19.28.080 Permitted Yard Encroachments. A. Where a building legally constructed according to existing yard and setback regulations at the time of construction, encroaches upon present required yards and setbacks, one encroaching side yard setback may be extended along its existing building lines if the addition receives a Minor Residential Permit and conforms to the following: 1. The extension or addition may not further encroach into any required setback and the height of the existing non-conforming wall and the extended wall may not be increased. 2. The maximum length of the extension is fifteen feet. 2005 S-4 3. The extension of any wall plane of a first-story addition is not permitted to be within three feet of any property line. 4. Only one such extension shall be permitted for the life of such building. 5. This section applies to the first story only and shall not be construed to allow the further extension of an encroachment by any building, which is the result of the granting of a variance or exception, either before or after such property become part of the City. B. Architectural features (not including patio covers) may extend. into a required yard a distance not exceeding three feet, provided that no architectural feature or combination thereof, whether a portion of a principal or auxiliary structure, may extend closer than three feet to any property line. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005; Ord. 1886, (part), 2001; Ord. 1868, (part), 2001; Ord. 1860, ~ 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999; Ord. 1808, (part), 1999; Ord. 1618, (part), 1993; Ord. 1601, Exh. A (part), 1992) 19.28.090 Minor Residential Permits. Projects that require a Minor Residential Permit shall be reviewed in accordance with this section. The purpose of this process is to provide affected neighbors with an opportunity to comment on new development that could have significant impacts on their property or the neighborhood as a whole. A. Notice of Application. Upon receipt of a complete application, a notice shall be sent by first class mail to all owners of record of real property (as shown in the last tax assessment toll) that are adjacent to the subject property, including properties across a public or private street. The notice shall invite public comment by a determined action date and shall include a: copy of the development plans, eleven inches by seventeen inches in size. B. Decision. After the advertised deadline for public comments, the Director of Community Development shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny the application. The permit can be approved only upon making all of the following fmdings: 1. The project is consistent with the Cupertino General Plan, any applicable specific plans, zoning ordinances and the purposes of this title. 2. The granting of the permit will not result in a condition that is detrimental or injurious to property or improvements in the vicinity, and will not be detrimental to the public health, safety or welfare. 3. The proposed project is harmonious in scale and design with the general neighborhood. 4. Adverse visual impacts on adjoining properties have been reasonably mitigated. l.-f-15 35 Single-Family Residential (Rl) Zones 19.28.100 public notice, if an application for a Minor Modification to the Two-Story Pennit is filed before the expiration date and substantive justification for the extension is provided. G. Concurrent Applications. At the discretion of the Director of Community Development, a Two-Story Pennit can be processed concurrently with other discretionary applications. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005) 19.28.110 Exceptions. Where results inconsistent with the purpose and intent of this chapter result from the strict application of the provisions hereof, exceptions to section 19.28.060, 19.28.070 and 19.28.120 may be granted as provided in this section. A. Notice of Application. Upon receipt of a complete application, the Community Development Department shall set a time and place for a public hearing before the Design Review Committee and send a notice by first class mail to all owners of record of real property (as shown in the last tax assessment toll) that are within three hundred feet of the subject property. Properties that are adjacent to the subject site, including those across a public or private street,' shall receive a reduced scale copy of the plan set with the public notice. B. Decision. After closing the public hearing, the decision-maker shall approve, conditionally approve, or deny the application based on the findings in this section. Any interested party can appeal the decision pursuant to Chapter 19.136. C. Expiration of an Exception. Unless a building permit is filed and accepted by the City (fees paid and control number issued) within one year of the Exception approval, said approval shall become null and void unless a longer time period was specifically prescribed by the conditions of approval. In the event that the building permit expires for any reason, the Exception shall become null and void. The Director of Community Development may grant a one-year extension, without a public notice, if an application for a Minor Modification to the Exception is filed before the expiration date and substantive justification for the extension is provided. D. Findings for Approval. 1. Issued by the Director of Community Development. The Director of Community Development may grant exceptions from the prescriptive design regulation described in Section 19.28.060 G( 4) upon making all of the following fmdings: a. The project fulfills the intent of the visible second-story wall height regulation in that the number of two-story wall planes and the amount of visible second story wall area is reduced to the maximum extent possible. b. The except to be granted is one that will require the least modification of the prescribed design regulation and the minimum variance that will accomplish the purpose. 2005 S-4 c. The proposed exception will not result in significant visual impact as viewed from abutting properties. 2. Issued by the Design Review Committee. The Design Review Committee may grant exceptions from the prescriptive design regulations described in Section 19.28.060, except 19.28.060 G(4) and Section 19.28.130 upon making all of the following fmdings: a. The literal enforcement of this chapter will result in restrictions inconsistent with the spirit and intent of this chapter. b. The proposed development will not be injurious to property or improvements in the area, nor be detrimental to the public safety, health and welfare. c. The exception to be granted is one that will require the least modification of the prescribed design regulation and the minimum variance that will accomplish the purpose. d. The proposed exception will not result in significant visual impact as viewed from abutting properties. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005) 19.28.120 Development Regulations-Eichler (Rl-e). R l-e single-family residence" Eichler districts" protect a consistent architectural fonn through the establishment of district site development regulations. Regulations found in the other sections of this chapter shall apply to properties zoned Rl-e. In the event of a conflict between other regulations in this chapter and this section, this section shall prevail. Nothing in these regulations is intended to preclude a hannonious two-story home or second story addition. A. Setback-First Story. 1. The minimum front yard setback is twenty feet. B. Building Design Requirements. 1. Entry features facing the street shall be integrated with the roof line of the house. 2. The maximum roof slope shall be three-to-twelve (rise over run). 3. Wood or other siding material located on walls facing a public street (not including the garage door) shall incorporate vertical grooves, up to six inches apart. 4. The building design shall incorporate straight architectural lines, rather than curved lines. 5. Section 19.20.060 G(4) shall be considered a guideline in the R l-e district. 6. The first floor shall be no more than twelve inches above the existing grade. 7. Exterior walls located adjacent to side yards shall not exceed nine feet in height measured from the top of the floor to the top of the wall plate. C. Privacy Protection Requirements. 1. Side and Rear Yard Facing Second Floor Windows. In addition to other privacy protection requirements in Section 19.28.070, the following is required for all second story windows: y --t {p 37 Single-Family Residential (Rl) Zones 19.28.130 b. In no case shall any wall plane of a first-story addition be placed closer than three feet to any property line. c. This section does not apply to attached accessory structures such as attached carports. d. This section applies to the first story only and shall not be construed to allow the further extension of an encroachment by any building, which is the result of the granting of a variance or exception, either before or after such property become part of the City. 2. Architectural features (not including patio covers) may extend into a required yard a distance not exceeding three feet, provided that no architectural feature or combination thereof, whether a portion of a principal or auxiliary structure, may extend closer than three feet to any property line. 3. Front Porch. Traditional, open porches are encouraged in this zone. When viewed from the street, a porch should appear proportionately greater in width than in height. A porch differs from an entry element, which has a proportionately greater height than its width. Use of this yard encroachment provision shall require the approval of the Director of Community Development. a. Posts. Vertical structural supports, such as posts, for porches are allowed to encroach two feet into the required front setback. Structural supports must be designed such that the appearance is not obtrusive or massive. b. Columns. The use of large columns or pillars is discouraged. c. Fencing. Low, open fencing for porches are allowed to encroach two feet into the required front setback area. d. Eave Height. The eave height for a front porch should not be significantly taller than the eave height of typical single-story elements in the neighborhood. e. Detailing. Porch elements should have detailing that emphasizes the base and caps for posts and fence elements. f. The porch platform and roof overhang may encroach five feet into the required front setback. M. Landscaping. 1. Landscaping plans shall be required for all additions or new homes. The purpose of the landscaping is to beautify the property and to achieve partial screening of building forms from the street and adjacent properties. Specific measures are not prescribed. Generally, the landscaping may include shrubbery, hedges, trees, or lattice with vines on fences. 2005 S-4 2. Landscaping plans for two-story development shall include specific mitigations for impacts from mass, bulk and privacy intrusion as required in Section 19.28.070 of the Cupertino Municipal Code, except that: a. Privacy planting shall have a minimum setback from the property line equivalent to one-quarter of the spread noted on the City list. b. Privacy trees shall have a minimum height of twelve feet at the time of planting. c. Front yard tree planting shall be placed such that views from second-story windows across the street to neighboring homes are partially mitigated. d. The Director may waive the front yard tree based on a report from an internationally certified arborist citing conflict with existing mature trees. N. Design Review Findings. 1. Findings. The Design Review Committee may approve a design review application for two-story development only upon making all of the fmdings below: a. The project is consistent with the Cupertino General Plan and Title 19 of the Cupertino Municipal Code. b. The granting of this permit will not result in detrimental or injurious conditions to property or improvements in the vicinity, or to the public health, safety or welfare. c. The project is generally compatible with the established pattern of building forms, building materials and designs of homes in the neighborhood. d. The project is consistent with the City's single- family residential design guidelines and the guidelines in this chapter and any inconsistencies have been found to not result in impacts on neighbors. e. Significant adverse visual and privacy impacts as viewed from adjoining properties have been mitigated to the maximum extent possible. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005) 19.28.140' Interpretation by the Planning Director. In Rl zones, the Director of Community Development shall be empowered to make reasonable interpretations of the regulations and provisions of thischapter consistent with the legislative intent thereof. Persons aggrieved by an interpretation of the chapter by the Director of Community Development may petition the Planning Commission in writing forreview of the interpretation. (Ord. 1954, (part), 2005; Ord. 1860, ~ 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999; Ord. 1808, (part), 1999; Ord. 1601, Exh. A (part), 1992) J-i--11 CITY STREET TREE SPREAD PLANTING DIST ANCE- MINIMUM A. St. Mary Magnolia* B. Crape Myrtle C. Privot D. California Buckeye E. Birch F. Holly Oak G. Aristocrat Flowering Pear* H. Flowering Plum* 1. May ten J. Melaleuca K. Eastern Redbud* L. Brisbane Box* . M. Liquid Amber N. Carob o. Geigera P. Rhus Lancia Q. Lirodendron R. Chinese Pistacio* S. Ginko* T. Chinese Hackberry* V.Elm v. Sycamore w. Mulberry X. Silk Tree Y. Raywood Ash Z. Medesto Ash AA. Shammel Ash BB. Camphor Cc. Zelkova 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 30' 30' 30' 30' 30' 40' 40' 40' 40' 40' 40' 50' 50' 50' 50' 50' 50' 50' 50' 50' 50' 60' 60' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 15' 15' 15' 15' 15' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 20' 25' 25' 25' 25' 25' 25' 25' 25' 25' 25' 30' 30' *Denotes tree currently on street tree list. Other trees previously on list and may currently exist as a street tree. (Ord. 1860, S 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999) 4---/0 Privacy Protection Planting Mfidavit Purpose: To assure the decision-makers and neighbors that the privacy protection planting has been installed according to the planting plan. Validation: An Internationally Certified Arborist or Licensed Landscape Architect shall certify the design and accuracy of the privacy protection planting. A reduced eleven by seventeen copy of the approved planting plan shall be attached. Submittal of this form shall be required prior to final inspection of the residence. Planting Certification: I certify that the privacy protection planting and irrigation is installed at: address and it is consistent in design, height and location with the landscape planting and irrigation plans drawn by: dated (attached). Name Title Professional License # Date (Ord. 1868, (part), 2001; Ord. 1860, S 1 (part), 2000; Ord. 1834, (part), 1999) 4"/0, Section 19.40.010 19.40.020 19.40.030 19.40.040 19.40.050 19.40.060 19.40.070 19.40.080 19.40.090 19.40.100 19.40.110 19.40.120 19.40.130 19.40.140 19.40.145 19.40.010 CHAPI'ER 19.40: RESIDENTIAL HILLSIDE (RHS) ZONES'" Purpose. Applicability of regulations. Permitted uses. Conditional uses. Site development regulations. Building coverage, setbacks and height restrictions. Design standards. Fencing. Permitted yard encroachment. Geologic and soils report procedures. Private roads and driveways. Solar design. Interpretation of planning director. Exceptions for development of certain individual hillside lots. Applicability . '" Prior history: Ord. 1601. 19.40.010 Purpose. The purpose of the RHS zoning district is to regulate development commensurate with community goals, as described in the General Plan, to preserve the natural setting in the hillsides. This chapter utilizes performance standards and specific regulations to ensure that the utilization of land for residential uses is balanced with the need to conserve natural resources and protect life and property from natural hazards. Specifically, this chapter is intended to accomplish the following objectives: A. Enhance the identity of residential neighborhoods; B. Ensure the provisionoflight and air to individual residential parcels; C. Ensure a reasonable level of compatibility in scale of structures within residential neighborhoods; D. Maintain spatial relationship between structures and within neighborhoods; E. Reinforce the predominantly low-intensity setting of the community; F. Maintain a balance between residential development and preservation of the natural hillside setting; G. Promote compatibility of colors and materials of structures and the surrounding natural setting. (Ord. 1634, (part), 1993) 19.40.020 Applicability of Regulations. No building or structure or land shall be used, and no building or structure shall be hereafter erected, structurally altered. or enlarged in a residential hillside (RHS) zone, otherwise than in conformance with the provisions of this chapter and other applicable provisions of this title. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter to the contrary, structures which were legally constructed prior to the effective date of the ordinance codified in this section shall be deemed legally conformiilg; provided, however, that any structural alteration, enlargement or remodeling of such existing structure shall either comply with the site development regulations (building coverage, setbacks, height restrictions and design standards) of this chapter or shall obtain an exception as provided in Section 19.40.140. (Ord. 1725, (part), 1996; Ord. 1634, (part), 1993) 19.40.030 Permitted Uses. The following uses shall be permitted in an RHS zoning district: A. Single-family dwelling units with not more than one dwelling unit per lot; B. A second dwelling unit which conforms to the procedure, standards and requirements of Chapter 19.84 of this code; C. Home occupations which conform to the procedure, standards and requirements of Chapter 19.92 of this code; D. Accessory buildings which conform to the procedures, standards and requirements of Chapter 19.80 of this code; E. Small-family day care home; F. Residential care facility with six or less residents not including the provider, provider family or staff, that has a license from the appropriate State, County agency or. department; G. The keeping of animals as follows: 1. Household pets limited to one animal per three thousand square feet of lot area except: 51 J-f'" ~O 53 lRe$identm Hillside (RBS) Zon~ 19.4lO.050 RHS zoning district shall be determined by the General Plan, based upon slope density standards described therein. 2. Upon recordation of a subdivision map or parcel map in an RHS zoning district, density credits derived from application of a slope density formula to a lot or group of lots may not be transferred to property outside the subdivision or parcel map boundary. B. Lot Area. 1. The minimum lot area fOll a specific property shall correspond to the number following the RHS zoning symbol (multiplied by one thousand square feet). Examples are as follows: Zoning Symbol Number Minimum. Lot Area In Square Feet RHS 20 RHS 40 RHS 80 RHS 120 RiIS 180 RHS 200 RHS 400 20,000 40,000 80,000 120,000 180,000 200,000 400,000 2. For purposes of subdivision, the minimum lot area. shall be the average lot area computation for a zero percent slope gradient as contained in Appendix E of the General Plan, unless clustered in accordance with Section 18.52.030 (Hillside Subdivisions). These lot sizes are approximately twelve thousand square feet for the Foothill Modified, twenty-one thousand square feet for the Foothill 1/2 acre modified and two hundred eighteen thousand square feet for the 5-20. The minimum lot size in a clustered subdivision is ten thousand square feet. Lots which potentially are subdividable will be assigned a lot size number at the time of subdivision. 3. The minimum lot area for legally-created; developed lots, which are not subdividable, shall reflect the existing" lot size. C. Lot Width Minimum. The minimum lot width in an RHS zoning district is seventy feet, measured at the front" setback line; provided, however, that there is no minimum lot width for lots served by a private driveway and which do not adjoin a public street. D. Developmenton Substandard Lots. No strUCtures or improvements proposed on existing, vacant legal lots in the Foothill Modified and Foothill Modified Half Acre slope density designations of the General Plan which are substandard in size, shall occur unless an exception b granted. E. Lots Adjoining Public Open Spaces. For lots adjacent to public open space preserves or parks, the driveway and building shall be located in a manner to be set as far as feasible from the preserve or park and designed in a manner to minimi7.e impacts on the preserve or park. F. Site Grading. 1. All site grading shall be limited to a cumUlative total of two thousand five hundred cubic yards, cut plus fill. The two thousand five hundred cubic yards includes grading for building pad, yard areas, driveway and all other areas requiring grading, but does not include basements. The graded area shall be limited to the building pad area to the greatest extent possible. Grading quantities for multiple driveways shall be divided equally among the participating lots, e.g., two lots sharing a driveway will divide the driveway grading quantity in half. The divided share will be charged against the grading quantity allowed for that lot development. A maximum of two thousand square feet of flat yard area, excluding driveways, may be graded. All cut and fill areas shall be rounded to follow the natural contours and planted with landscaping which meets the requirements in Section 19.40.0500. 2. A licensed landscape architect shall review grading plans and, in consultation with the applicant and the City Engineer, shall submit a plan to prevent soU erosion and to screen out and fill slopes. G. Landscaping. 1. A licensed landscape architect shall prepare a tree planting plan for the site which will screen grading areas, and residential structures, to the greatest possible extent, as well as to reintroduce trees on barren slopes which were denuded by prior agricultural activities. 2. Landscape improvement shall meet the requirements as established in the Xeriscape Landscaping Ordinance, Chapter 14.15 of this code. 3. Landscape improvements shall be installed prior to occupancy unless such installation is impracticable, in which case, the applicant shall post a bond, cash or other security to insure installation within an eighteen-month period from occupancy. All such landscape areas shall be "properly maintained. 4. No specimen sized trees may be removed without a permit as provided for in the Heritage and Specimen Tree Ordinance, Chapter 14.18 of this code. Native trees should be integrated into the site design to the greatest extent possible. H. Watercourse Protection. 1. Any watercourse identified in Figure 6-J of the Cupertino General Plan and its existing riparian vegetation must be shown on all development plans. . 2. All new development, including structures, grading and clearing, must be set back at least fifty feet on lots which are less than one acre in size and one hundred tf'21 5S lResidelll'ltW EIill5ide (RHS) Zones 19.40.060 Ave. slope Reduction 10% or less 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% or greater 0% 1.5% 3% 4.5% 6% 7.5% 9% 10.5% 12% 13.5% 15% 16.5% 18% 19.5% 21% 22.5% 24% 25.5% 27% 28.5% 30% B. Setbacks-First Floor. 1. Front Yard. The minimum front yard setback is twenty feet. except that if the grade exceeds twenty percent within the first twenty feet from the street elevation. the minimum front yard setback may be ten feet. The driveway and garage must be designed to enable vehicles to park off- street. 2. Side Yard. The minimum side yard setback is ten feet, provided that a minimum of fifteen feet shall be provided on the street side of a comer lot. 3. Rear Yard. The minimum rear yard setback shall be twenty feet. C. Setbacks-Second Floor. 1. Front Yard. The minimum front yard setback shall be twenty-five feet. 2. Side Yard. The minimum side yard setback shall be fifteen feet. 3. Rear Yard. The minimum rear yard setback shall be twenty-five feet. 4. Downhill Elevation. The downhill elevation shall be offset in the following manner: at least seventy-five percent of the second story downhill facing wall plane shall be set back an average of seven and one-half feet and in no case less than five feet from the first story downhill wall plane. The remaining twenty-five percent may not extend past the first story wall plane. 5. Should the downhill contours not be confined to one elevation. then the downhill offset shall be applicable to the primary setback affected. 6. A second story offset may be measured from the outside perimeter of the first-story roofed porches. The roof of the porch must match. in pitch and style. the roof of the main structure. The porch must also be at least five feet in width and extend the length of the wall on which it is located. D. Setback-Habitable Third Floor. The minimum setbacks for a habitable third floor shall be the same as those for a second floor. except that the minimum side yard setback shall be twenty feet. E. Height of Principal Buildings and Structures. 1. The maximum height of a principal building in an RHS zone shall be thirty feet (excluding chimneys. antennae. or other appurtenances). 2. Heights exceeding twenty feet shall be subject to the setback regulations prescribed in Section 19.40.0600 andE. 3. The maximum wall height on the downhill elevation shall be fifteen feet. (Ord. 1725. (part), 1996; Ord. 1658. (part), 1995; Ord. 1634, (part), 1993) 19.40.070 Design Standards. All provisionS of this section may be deviated from upon an exception granted by the Planning Commission in accordance with Section 19.40.140. A. Building and Roof Forms. 1. The. building shall follow as closely as possible the primary natural contour of the lot. The main building mass shall be on the upslope side of the building and the roof pitches shall trend downslope. 2. Second story dormers are permitted within the second story setbacks as long as they are minor in shape and size. 3. The downhill elevation of the main structure shall have a minimum of four offset building and roof elements. These requirements are intended to provide varied building forms to produce shadow patterns which reduce the impact of visual mass. 4. Wall planes exceeding one story or twenty feet in height. whichever is more restrictive, must contain architectural elements which provide relief and break up expansive wall planes. B. Colors. Exterior colors of all structures on the lot shall use natural earth tone andlor vegetation colors which complement the natural surroundings and shall not exceed a reflectivity value of sixty on a flat surface. Natural earth-tone and vegetation colors include natural hues of brown. green and shades of gray. . C. Outdoor Lighting. All outdoor lighting shall be identified on the site development plan. No high-intensity lights are permitted for tennis courts or other recreational H-J~ 57 Residential Hillside (RBS) Zones 19.40.11@ 19.40.119 Private Roads and Driveways. All provisions of this section may be deviated from upon an exception granted by the Planning Commission in accordance with Section 19.40.140. A. Pavement Width and Design. The pavement width and design for a private road or common driveway serving two to five lots and a single-lot driveway shall comply with development standards contained in the Hillside Subdivision Ordinance. Chapter 18.52 of this code. B. Reciprocal IngresslEgress. An applicant for a building permit for a lot served by a private road or common driveway shall record an appropriate deed restriction guaranteeing reciprocal ingress/egress easement to adjoining property owners who utilize the private road or common driveway for the primary access to their lot(s). C. Reciprocal Maintenance Agreement. The applicant for a building permit for a lot served by a private road or common driveway shall record an appropriate deed restriction guaranteeing participation in a reciprocal maintenance agreement with other lot owners utilizing the private road or common driveway for primary access. D. Gates. Gates may be used to control access to private roads and driveways provided that the design of the gate, including location, dimension and the locking devices, are approved by the Directof of Community Development after consultation with the Central Fire District. (Ord. 1784, (part), 1998; Old. 1634, (part), 1993) 19.40.120 Solar Design. The setback and height restrictions provided in this chapter may be varied fOf a structure utilized for passive or active solar purposes; provided, that no such strUCture shall infringe upon solar access or property rights of adjoining property owners. Any solar structure which requires variation from the setback or height restrictions of this chapter may be permitted upon issuance of an exception by the Planning Commission. (Ord. 1634, (part), 1993) 19.40.130 Interpretation of plAnning Director. The Director of Community Development shall be empowered to make reasonable interpretations of the regulations and provisions of this chapter, consistent with the legislative intent thereof. Persons aggrieved by an interpretation of this chapter by the Director of Community Development may petition the Planning Commission in writing for review of the interpretation. (Ord. 1634, (part), 1993) 19.40.140 Exception for Development of Certain Individual Hillside Lots. A. With respect to a request for development of a legally created individual hillside lot which does not meet the development requirements contained in Sections 19.40.0500 through M and 19.40.060 through 19.40.090 and 19.40.110 through 19.42.120 of this chapter, the Planning Commission shall grant an exception to allow development if the subject property cannot be merged with adjacent property pursuant to Government Code Sections 66451.10 - 66451.21 and if the commission, based upon substantial evidence, makes all of the following findings: 1. The proposed development will not be injurious to property or improvements in the area nor be detrimental to the public health and safety. 2. The proposed development will not create at hazardous condition for pedestrian or vehicular traffic. 3. The proposed development has legal access to public streets and public services are available to serve the development. 4. The proposed development requires an exception which involves the least modification of, or deviation from, the development regulations prescribed in this chapter necessary to accomplish a reasonable use of the parcel. 5. All alternative locations for development on the parcel have been considered and have been found to create greatef environmental impacts than the location of the proposed development. 6. The proposed development does not consist of structures on or near known geological or environmental hazards which have been determined by expert testimony to be unsafe or hazardous to structures or persons residing therein. (See General Plan Policies 2-49.) 7. The proposed development includes grading and drainage plans which will ensure that erosion and scarring of the hillsides caused by necessary construction of roads, housing sites, and improvements will be minimized. (See General Plan Policies 2-53, 2-54 and 2-57.) 8. The proposed development does not consist of structures which would disrupt the natural silhouette of ridgelines as viewed from established vantage points on the valley floor unless either: a. The location of a structure on a ridgeline is necessary to avoid greater negative environmental impacts; or b. The structure could not otherwise be physically located on the parcel and the size of the structure is the minimum which is necessary to allow for a reasonable use of the parcel. (See General Plan Policies 2-46, 2-47 and 2-48.) 9. The proposed development consists of structures incorporating designs, colors, materials, and outdoor lighting which blend with the natural hillside environment and which are designed in such a manner as to reduce the effective visible mass, including building height, as much as possible without creating other negative environmental impacts. (See General Plan Policies 2-46, 2-50, 2-51 and 2-52.) 10. The proposed development is located on the parcel as far as possible from public open space preserves yt ")3