TR-2011-37b OFFICE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
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CITY HALL
10300 TORRE AVENUE • CUPERTINO, CA 95014-3255
C(,I P��,T 1�10 (408) 777-3308 • FAX (408) 777-3333 • planning�cuqertino.orq
August 25, 2011
Kier & Wright
Attn: John Noori
3350 Scott Blvd #22
Santa Clara, Ca 95014
SUBJECT: TREE REMOVAL PERMIT ACTION LETTER - Application TR-2011-37:
This letter confirms the decision of the Director of Community Development, given on August 25, 2011,
approving a tree removal permit to remove and replace 45 protected trees (including 14 dead trees) due
to poor health at an existing office complex, located at 1 Infinite Loop, with the following conditions:
1. APPROVED PROTECT
This approval is based on Exhibit 1, prepared by Dave Muffly (Certified Master Arborist WE-
4279B), dated June 10, 2011, consisting of 16 pages and entitled: Arborist Report-Infinite Loop
Campus, Poplar Replacement Program and comments by Consulting Arborist Michael Bench dated
June 30, 2011, except as may be amended by conditions in this resolution.
2. TREE REPLACEMENTS
The applicant shall be required to plant fifty-six (56) 36-inch box size Columbia Sycamore trees on
the property in accordance with the City's Protected Tree Ordinance. The required replacement
trees shall be planted within 60 days of the effective approval date of this tree removal permit.
3. NOTICE OF FEES, DEDICATIONS, RESERVATIONS OR OTHER EXACTIONS
The Conditions of Project Approval set forth herein may include certain fees, dedication
requirements, reservation requirements, and other exactions. Pursuant to Government Code
Section 66020(d) (1), these Conditions constitute written notice of a statement of the amount of
such fees, and a description of the dedications, reservations, and other exactions. You are hereby
further notified that the 90-day approval period in which you may protest these fees, dedications,
reservations, and other exactions, pursuant to Government Code Section 66020(a), has begun. If
you fail to file a protest within this 90-day period complying with all of the requirements of
Section 66020, you will be legally barred from later challenging such exactions.
Staff has made the findings necessary to grant the tree removal permit in accordance with Section
14.18.180 of the Protected Trees Ordinance. Please note, however, that an appeal of this decision can
be made within 14 calendar days from the date of the mailing of this decision. If this happens, you
will be notified of a public hearing, which will be scheduled before the Planning Commission and
the trees cannot be removed until a final decision on the appeal has been made. If no appeal is made
within the appeal period, the tree(s) may be removed after Friday, September 9, 2011.
Sincerely,
Simon Vuong
Assistant Planner
Community Development Departrnent
City of Cupertino
CC: Apple, Inc, Attn: Dave Muffly,l Infinite Loop MS 83-DDC, Cupertino, Ca. 95014
Arborwell Resources, Sam Oakley, 2337 American Ave, Hayward, Ca. 94545
Prepared By:
Dave Muffly, Apple Arborist
°� ISA Board-Certified Master Arborist WE-4279B
PNWISA Certified Tree Risk Assessor CTRA-500
` � j'� � , ,� dmuffly@apple.com 408-483-0795
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Po lar Re lacement Pro ram
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Introduction
Lining the main entrance aisle of Apple's Infinite Loop Campus are two double
rows of Lombardy Poplars, Populus italica 'Nigra'. Many of the poplars are
standing dead, or nearly so. A few of the smaller ones are sufficiently decayed that
they could be uprooted by hand, though risk is small for the months to come.
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Fig. 1- Infinite Loop main entry
Anachronism
To have this particular species planted in such a prominent location in 2011 is
something of an anachronism. Landscape professionals began phasing out this
species in the 1960's and 1970's, and by the early 1990's, only a handful of "old
school" practicing landscape architects were still utilizing this species. By chance,
Apple hired one of the few remaining, and have been paying a serious cost since.
': �� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 1
Popularity
Lombardy poplars were popular because they grow in a strikingly upright manner,
grow quickly providing welcome shade in hot climates, have attractive glossy
foliage, create minimal debris, and offer good yellow fall color. They are a tree
traditionally planted along irrigation ditches and canals, and natural watercourses,
where their habit of growing large and destructive surface roots doesn't pose any
difficulties. Poplars are notoriously shallow rooted.
Problems
But when planted in the cities of California, problems became readily apparent. In
urban places without copious, continuous water availability, poplars readily
succumb to drought. And even if given precious irrigation water, if the poplars are
planted near hardscape or infrastructure, major damage is virtually inevitable. For
these reasons, poplars in general, and Lombardy poplars in particular, fell out of
favor. This change was faster for landscape professionals more inclined to be
scientific, and slower for those who clung to ideas of what works without assessing
actual performance.
Past Trouble At Apple
Many, if not all, of the poplars along the IL 1 aisle have been replaced once
already, giving an unacceptable lifespan of 10 years or less. When the first set of
replacements took place, replacement trees had to be procured from Southern
California, because literally no nursery in the Bay Area could be found still stocking
the trees.
Substantial Pavement Damage
In addition to the previous generation of poplars being dead or dying, trees were
removed because they caused major infrastructure damage in their
surFace-rooting search for water. The Infinite Loop 1 parking lot suffered heavy
damage from the first generation of poplar plantings along the main aisle, and this
damage is being repeated with the replacement generation, as can be seen in
Figure 2 below, where a root sprout off a poplar root actually pushed right through
the asphalt.
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Fig. 2- Poplar Sprout in pavement
:��', Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 2
Replacement Strategy
These trees are clearly inappropriate, and need to be replaced. But how exactly?
Because some of the trees look decent to good, and are providing valuable
parking lot shade, phased replacement seems a good choice. This is especially
true for the few trees that look really good, including the three poplars most visible
from the main entry to IL 1. The reason those particular trees perform so well is
that they are at a low point where water drains.
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�°� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 3
Replacement Species
The replacement species I'm recommending will blend rather well with the
retained poplars, minimizing the sense of change, and strengthening the overall
aesthetic appeal. The removal and replacement of the retained poplars can take
place gradually over the next few years as the replacement trees grow in. This will
also minimize sense of change. We plan to more fully address the phasing of this
future replacement program in a forthcoming Apple Tree Management Plan.
At this time we are proposing to remove 45 poplars, which are either dead or have
no chance of recovery. We further propose to retain 21 poplars which are in either
fair or good condition.
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�`: Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 4
t�ursery Stock
There are also 11 open spots in the doubie rows. We propose to plant new trees
into these locations, meaning we are proposing to plant 56 total trees. All
replacement trees are to be 36-inch box specimens of excellent quality, as shown
in Figure 5.
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Fig. 6
Successfe�i Qowntown �ree
'Columbia' is now planted, to wide appreciation, in the downtown of Mountain
View (replacing another horticultural miscarriage, the Pink-Flowering Locust
which, embarrassingly, perFormed very poorly as some of us accurately
predicted.) They are also featured in the downtown Gilroy redevelopment, and are
growing nicely.
Sar�ta Cr�z Exper�enc�
'Columbia' is also used extensively in Santa Cruz, where I introduced it to the
public by specifying it along Mission adjacent to a large public school. Within a
decade, 'Columbia' has become the most planted tree in Santa Cruz, and is
performing well in all but the harshest locations.
Repla��rr��r�� �peci�es Ghoic�s
What tree species will work well in this location? Native deciduous Valley Oak?
Native evergreen Coast Live Oak? Chinese Elm? Fruitless Olives? Marina
Madrone? Silver Linden? London Planetree a.k.a Sycamore? These are all
readily-available options, all of which (with the exception of one) stand a good
chance of succeeding and surviving for decades, perhaps many, with relatively
little maintenance and supplemental water. The exception is Marina Madrone.
These very pretty trees need excellent growing conditions, not the challenging
conditions to be found along the main lobby to Infinite Loop 1.
!, Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 5
Native Oaks
The native eve�green Coast Live Oak could be grown in this location, but it would
create a dense, brooding, spiny-leaved, messy planting. Also, nursery stock
pertormance with this species is notoriously inconsistent, especially in degraded
soils such as we have here. It seems wise to save the Valley Oaks for places
where they can grow large, with lots of room.
Best Of The Rest
Among the rest, the 'Columbia' London Planetree is favored for fast growth deep
non-invasive roots, beautiful bark, strong/low-maintenance structure, long lifespan,
and is a tree which will create a proven effective and classic landscape
architecture. They will also quickly make some precious shade for the large
parking lot, at least on the Highway 280 side. They roughly resemble the poplars
(big leaves, upright growth habit - they are distant relatives), so this will minimize
any change to the aesthetic.
Speed And Strength
From personal experience, 4 feet of growth per year in the early years is very
possible with wise water management. The shape of'Columbia' is nearly ideal
from both an arborists and designers perspective - it generally grows with a
continuous central leader, which is great for strength, and also gives the tree a
very uniform, pyramidal shape when young.
Quick Canopy
Having finro double rows creates a particularly powerful effect, and the canopy
closes over the pedestrian walkway in a very short time, just a few years. The
trees may begin to provide a closed canopy over the roadway in as little as a
decade if we are generous with the water in the early years, and plant with thought
and care.
Adapted To Close Planting
London Planes are proven to perform well when closely planted. This can be seen
in some of the older residential sections of Bay Area cities like Palo Alto and San
Jose. The oldest London Planes in the Bay Area are still going after more than a
century, without any sign of vigor loss.
Longevity and Drought Tolerance
Those old London Planetrees throughout the Bay Area, some of them approaching
150 years old, show us in no uncertain terms the level of drought tolerance of the
Planetree. As an arborist with more than 20 years of observing trees throughout
the Bay Area, and a renowned eye for trees, I can say that I cannot recall seeing a
mature London Plane die. I learned my trees during the severe California drought
of 1988 through 1993. I watch many hundreds of trees die, but not London Planes.
They are on the short list of trees commonly planted in California which are proven
to tolerate the droughts of the last 150 years, a list mostly populated by oaks and
eucalyptus.
,� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 6
A Tree Of Extremes
They are, surprisingly, a species that both survives drought, and can also grow in
standing water, as can be seen with century-plus old London Plane trees growing
in a small lake in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. Biologically, there is a reason
that London Plane can survive in disparate places where few other trees can
survive. All sycamore trees have the ability to transport oxygen from their leaves
and upper surfaces to the roots, where the oxygen is needed for cellular
respiration: i.e. oxygen is needed to process sugars to make the energy that
allows the roots to grow and live.
The Importance of Oxygen
Most trees have to get their root oxygen directly from the soil. And because many
soils, especially clay soils, don't allow air to penetrate very deeply into the soil, tree
roots are often found surprisingly close to the surface, often finding 80% or more
of the roots in the top 2 or 3 feet of the soil, with only a few deeper sinker roots.
Because the London Plane can transport oxygen to the roots, roots can, and do,
grow into much greater depths of the soil, where moisture can often be found,
even in the middle of a parched summer when other trees are fading due to heat
and lack of moisture in the upper soil layers. This ability to transport oxygen to
roots also allows London Plane roots to grow in water, where other tree's roots die
of suffocation.
Natural Habitat
Sycamores in general are trees of the flood plains, where their roots can penetrate
the loose alluvial soils to great depth, and tap deep water resources, and grow to
immense sizes. The largest Sycamore in the United States is growing in a canyon
in the desert in New Mexico, with scrubland in the desert, descending into the
canyon reveals lush green even as temperature approach 110.
Planting
Because our part of Cupertino is also an alluvial fan, this can be natural habitat for
sycamores. We are planning to take advantage of our soils in establishing these
London Plane trees. Planting holes will be dug until we have reached good quality
native soil, and any compaction removed. This will establish good soil drainage.
We will carefully refill the hole to avoid any tree settling.
Encouraging Deep Rooting
With good soil drainage established, we will water the trees deeply, to encourage
roots downward as quickly as possible, to reach the lower soil depths where water
can be found. We plan to give the trees plenty of water in the early establishment
years, but with a focus on interval between waterings to encourage this downward
rooting. Once established in this way, the trees will be able to survive on their own
in the event of irrigation restrictions and even prolonged drought.
Cultivar Of Choice
'Columbia' is a cultivar containing a great deal of the genetics of the Eurasian
Sycamore native to the Mediterranean, matching our own climate. Interestingly,
'Columbia' pertorms much better than native California sycamore in the Bay Area,
and also better than finro other cultivars which have been tried locally in recent
decades, and are proving to be disease and structure disasters. The industry is
rapidly shifting to only'Columbia'.
� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 7
Tree Disposition Tabie
The following table summarizes the disposition of every tree surveyed including physical measurements
and observations. Trees have been tagged in the field with aluminum tags corresponding to the
numbers referenced in the table and exhibit. Trunk diameters were measured at breast height (DBH)
54" above the adjacent ground, as required by the City of Cupertino. Tree height and spread was also
estimated by visual observation.
Tag # Diameter Height± Spread± Condition ' Action � Tag # Diameter Heightt Spread± Condition �I Acti
500 4.1" 12.4' 13.0' ; Good Retain 533 6.7" 31.3' 6.0' Poor Remove '
501 4.8" 31.1' 4.5' Dead Re_ move � 534 9.9" 48.1' 7.0' Poor '� Remove
502 8.4" 39.6' � 8.0' �_ Poor Remove j 535 3.8" 52.9' 12.0' Poor ^ Remove I
_�
503 8.8" 41.0' 6.5' � Very Poor ' Remove ! 536 12.2" � 49.5' 12.0' Good I Retain
�
504 5.7" 38.1' 3.0' Dead Remove i 537 8.8" � 42.9' 6.0' Dead ' Remove 'I
fi---�`
505 5.7" 39.1' 8.5' Good Retain 538 6.9" � 33.0' 5.0' Dead I Remove
506 5.3" 36.6' 6.5' ^^ Dead Remove 539 8.0" 8� 8.0" � 49.2' 14.5' Good� Retain ',�
507 6.5 34.8 4.0 _Dead Remove " ' '
" ' ' S40 5.7 33.6 4.5 Dead Remove .
508 3.8" 27.2' 3.0' Dead Remove 541 4.6" 48.4' 5.5' Very Poor , Remove '.
509 6.5" 30.0' 4.0' Very Poor Remove 542 8.0" 42.3' 7.0' Very Poor �', Remove �
510 7.6 37.2 6.0 � Retain 543 8.0" � 32.6' 5.5' Very Poor � Remove
�, � �
�
- ,
511 3.2" 21.9' 2.0' Dead Remove 544 6.5" 54.1' 15.5' Retain ',
512 6.6" 34.9' 7.0' Poor Remove 545 5.3" 31.0' 4.0' Very Poor i Remove ��
513 11.4" 51.7' 10.0' Poor Remove 546 6.9" 8 8.4" 49.8' 12.0' Poor �' Remove I
514 8.6" 51.3' S.5' � Poor Remove 547 7.2" 48.2' 9.5' __ Good Retain
515 10.1" 49.9' � 5.5' Poor Remove 548 9.4" 8� 4.6" 54.9' 9.0' Good ' Retain
516 9.3" 52.0' 11.0' Poor Remove 549 12.2" 51.9' 17.0' Good ' Retain
517 6.1" 8� 11.8" 54.7' 6.0' Poor Remove 550 3.8" 8 2.7" 17.1' 3.0' Dead , Remove
518 5.3" 8� 12.2" 63.7' 17.0' Retain 551 8.4" � 46.4' 7.0' Poor Remove
519 7.6" 52.4' 6.0' Poor Remove 552 7.6" 8� 5.7" � 49.0' 8.5' - Remove
520 12.6" 55.6' 11.0' Poor Remove 553 6.1" 29.0' 4.5' Fai� , Retain ;
521 8.0" 35.2' 8.0' ��or Remove 554 5.3" 8 2.2" 27.3' 5.0' Very Poor Remove �
522 9.5" � 7.4" 49.5' 8.0' � �=�ir Retain 555 8.4" 46.3' S.0' Poor �', Remove
� ➢_
523 11.8" 64.8' 11.0' C�o�c� Retain 556 13.3" 40.9' S.5' Poor Remove �
-�------ �
524 9.9" 56.2' 7.0' �r^� Retain 557 4.2" 18.0' 5.0' Poor � Remove '�
_ ___. __. - - - -�
525 9.9" 59.0' 8.0' p f=air Retain � 558 6.5" 8� 5.3" 42.1' 7.0' Poor Remove I
526 9.5" 8� 8.4" 51.3' 5.0' _ Dead Remove 559 7.2" 43.4' 10.5' Retain
527 9.5" 55.7' 4.5' Dead Remove 560 8.0" 46.6' 6.0' Poor Remove
, ---- - I -�
, �
528 9.2" 51.7' 5.0' � Dead Remove 561 7.6" 8 2.2" � 43.8 6.5 Poor � Remove
�
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529 15.3" 67.1' 12.0' - '' Retain 562 7.2" � 46.4' 8.5' Good Retain
530 12.4" 61.8' 9.0' Poor � Remove 563 7.2" 40.0' 6.5' Dead Remove I
_------------_
531 13.4" 62.0' 9.0' Poor � Remove 564 13.7" 48.0' 15.0' Good � Retain
532 11.8" 55.1' 12.0' � Fair Retain 565 13.1" 44.0' 14.0' Good Retain �
�:�` Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 8
INFINITE LC�OP
#565 � � #564 #500.�
#563 #501 X #502
#562 �� #561 #503
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#535 X #528 � #52� • Existing Tree - Dead
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#534 X #529 X#530 #501 Existing Tree Tag Number
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CIVIL ENGINEERS & SURVEYORS, INC.
3350 Scott Boulevard, Building 22 EXI ST/NG TREE PLAN
Santa Clara, California 95054
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POPLAR REPLACEMENT PROGRAM
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� Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 15
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-. Apple Confidential - Do Not Distribute Date of Report: June 10, 2011 Page 16
Review of Tree Decline for Possible Replacement at
Infmite Loop on the Apple Campus, Cupertino, California
�,�:: �-: ��;�,'�,L � ,�' :� �.` / / -,� `J _
Assignment �.N�;;�.,�f++��� r vu�i��ber
I was asked by Mr. Simon Vuong, Planner, City of Cupertino,�, P. rform a,�,ee,r revie '�'e �� I/
report by Mr. Dave Muffly concerning the replacement of Lombardy poplar trees he I��ite
Loop Street, Cupertino, California. � � .- . ._ w _ ~ .. ._ '`t��
Observations
I inspected the site on June 30, 2011. It is obvious that several of the Lombardy poplar (Populus
italica `Nigra') trees have died or are in severe decline. Removal and replacement of those
specimens requested is certainly warranted.
The suggested replacement species, Platanus acerifolia `Columbia,' has shown to be a strong
performer in this area, and is certainly an acceptable replacement species.
Comments
I have seen Lombardy poplaz trees (Populus italica `Nigra') performing well in various parts of
this valley. They commonly cause major infrastructure damage, without exception in my
experience, where located near structures or hardscape. I observed several Lombardy poplar
specimens, which are in relatively good condition at this point and which are not requested for
replacement, located neax infrastructure in this landscape. I did not observe any infrastructure
damage, but the trees are young and are fully expected to cause significant infrastructure damage
in the near future. For this reason, I suggest that all of the Lombardy poplar trees located in
planter beds at this site be included in a replacement plan.
In addition to the decline and mortality of the Lombardy poplars, there are a significant number
of other trees, which are performing poorly in the planter beds of the parking lots on both sides
of Infinite Loop. These numerous trees include the species: Platanus acerifolia ( it appears that
many are the cultivar `Yarwood') and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). There may be other
species, which I missed, in addition to these. These species typically perform well, if not
exceptionally well, in this area. Also, it is very unusual, in my experience, for so many
Lombardy poplar specimens to perform so poorly in a small area, as observed here. This
observation suggests that there are other causes for the decline at this site. Mr. Muffly did not
discuss causes of decline specifically in his report. Nevertheless, I think it is likely that the
Platanus acerifolia `Columbia' replacement specimens will not perform as hoped unless the
primary causes are addressed.
In recent years, I have observed similar decline of the landscape, trees in particular, at other
corporate campus locations. At these locations, one of the primary causes of landscape decline is
a result of poor drainage and severe soil compaction, especially of the sub-grade. Obviously I do
not know what has occurred at this site, but at other locations, the soils at the time of
construction in the entire parking areas were compacted to 90% to 95% Proctor Scale, which is
engineering standard for roadway construction. After the formation of planter beds in this highly
compacted soil, a thin layer of top soil is often added before trees and shrubs are planted.
Although trenching for irrigation loosens the soil slightly, it is very inadequate for root
development of trees. This is particularly problematic in areas where planter beds are very small
or are very narrow. If trees of most species would be expected to perform well, larger areas for
root development must be created. In areas of small or narrow planter bed spaces, structural soil
Prepered by Michael L. Bench, Consulting Arborist June 30, 2011
(a formulated engineered soil) has shown to be an effective alternative without the reduction in
parking. No doubt Mr. Muffly and Apple has considered this and possibly other alternatives.
Respectfully submitted,
e-t_._�
• Michael L. Bench, Consulting Arborist
International Society of Arboriculture WE # 1897
American Society of Consulting Arborists Member