EIR Amendment - Appendix D Revised WSAVALLCO AREA SPECIFIC PLAN
SB610 WATER SUPPLY ASSESSMENT
CUPERTINO, CALIFORNIA
REVISED
June 28, 2018
Prepared by:
Yarne & Associates, Inc.
For
California Water Service
Los Altos Suburban District
949 B Street
Los Altos, CA 94024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and Project Description 3
Vallco Area Specific Plan Water Demand 6
LAS District Background Information 12
LAS District Water Demand
LAS District Water Supply
16
28
Supply Adequacy and Reliability Assessment 34
Climate Change 40
Summary and Conclusion 41
References 42
2
Introduction and Project Description
California Water Service (Cal Water) has prepared this California SB 610 Water Supply
Assessment (WSA) for the Vallco Area Specific Plan (hereafter referred to as "Vallco ASP")
The Los Altos Suburban (LAS) district of Cal Water provides potable water service to all
customers within the proposed development area of the Vallco ASP.
The Vallco ASP covers approximately 70 acres of which 58 acres are developable. The
developable area is located on both sided of North Wolf Road between Vallco Parkway and
Interstate 280 on the east side and between Stevens Creek Blvd and Vallco Parkway on the west
side of the City of Cupertino. Most of the project area is comprised of the existing Vallco
Shopping Mall parking areas, roadways and a hotel under construction which is considered to be
part of the ASP.
Attached are City of Cupertino Notice of Preparation Figure 2 (vicinity map) and Notice of
Preparation Figure 3 (aerial photo of the existing site and surroundings).
The existing Vallco Shopping Center is a regional shopping mall of 1,199,699 square feet (ft) of
retail, restaurant and recreational uses. The existing mall has experienced a significant decline in
occupancy during the past several years resulting in a lower occupancy rate. Major anchor
tenants including Sears and Macy's closed their stores in the mall. In May 2015, 796,527 ft2 or
66.4% of available space was occupied and 403,172 ft2 or 33.6% of space was vacant. For
purposes of determining new water demand associated with the Vallco ASP, the occupancy rate
for May 2015 is used to determine existing water use since that demand was part of the total Los
Altos Suburban (LAS) District demand in the 2015 LAS District Urban Water Management Plan
(UWMP).
As of June 20, 2018, there are five (5) differing facilities plans for the Vallco ASP. They are
summarized as follows:
1) Proposed Project:
1. Commercial - 600,000 sq ft which includes: Retail — 420,000 sq ft
Recreation Uses: Movie Theatre, Bowling Alley, Ice Rink — 180,000 sq ft
2. Office - 2,000,000 sq ft
3. Hotel — 339 rooms
4. Residential - 800 dwelling units
5. Civic Area — 65,000 sq ft including 10,000 sq ft for STEM Lab
6. Green Roof and Ground Landscaping — 36.06 acres total
comprised of 5.6 acres ground surface landscaping and 30.46 acres of green roof
landscaping.
The green roof would cover and cross over the tops of the buildings on-site and come
to the existing grade at the western boundary of the project site at Stevens Creek
Boulevard. It would include landscaping and active and passive open spaces.
2) General Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density:
1. Commercial - 600,000 sq ft which includes: Retail — 420,000 sq ft
Recreation Uses: Movie Theatre, Bowling Alley, Ice Rink — 180,000 sq ft
2. Office - 1,000,000 sq ft
3. Hotel — 339 rooms
4. Residential — 2,640 dwelling units
5. Civic Area — 65,000 sq ft including 10,000 sq ft for STEM Lab
6. Green Roof and Ground Landscaping — 36.06 acres total — same as Proposed
Project
3) Retail and Residential Alternative:
1. Commercial - 600,000 sq ft which includes: Retail — 420,000 sq ft
Recreation Uses: AMC Theatre, Bowling Alley, Ice Rink — 180,000 sq ft
2. Office — 0 sq ft
3. Hotel — 339 rooms
4. Residential — 4,000 dwelling units
5. Ground Landscaping — 5.6 acres
4) Occupied/Re-Tenanted Mall:
1. Commercial —1,207,774 sq ft which includes: Retail — 1,189,774 sq ft
Recreation Uses: AMC Theatre, Bowling Alley, Ice Rink — 180,000 sq ft
2. Office — 0 sq ft
3. Hotel —148 rooms
4. Residential — 0 dwelling units
5. Ground Landscaping — 5.6 acres
4
5) Housing Rich Alternative:
1. Commercial - 600,000 sq ft which includes: Retail — 420,000 sq ft Recreation Uses:
Performing Arts Center, Movie Theatre, and other facilities — 180,000 sq ft
2. Office -1,500,000 sq ft
3. Hotel — 339 rooms
4. Residential — 3,250 dwelling units
5. Civic Area — 65,000 sq ft (City Hall 50,000 sq ft, Education Center 15,000 sq ft)
6. Green Roof and Ground Landscaping — 36.06 acres total — same as Proposed
Project
Construction of the Vallco ASP is estimated to start in the first quarter of 2019. All facilities are
estimated to be constructed and in use 10 years later or in the first part of 2029.
The Vallco ASP is not specifically covered in Cal Water's LAS District 2015 UWMP; therefore,
its water supply requirements are addressed in this WSA.
The 2015 UWMP is based on data up to 2015 and is the most recent UWMP; however, water
demand data for 2016 — 2017 were obtained and used in the WSA.
The 2015 LAS District UWMP can be referenced for more detailed information on historic and
forecasted water demand and supply and other related topics.
Senate Bill 610 (Chapter 643, Statutes of 200 1) (SB 610) amended state law as of January 1,
2002, to include consideration of water supply availability when cities and counties are making
land use development decisions. SB 610 requires detailed information on water supply
availability be provided to local public agency decision -makers prior to approval of development
projects that meet or exceed any of the following criteria:
1. A residential development of more than 500 dwelling units.
2. A shopping center or business establishment employing more than 1,000 persons or
having more than 500,000 square feet.
3. A commercial office building employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than
250,000 square feet of floor space.
4. A hotel or motel with more than 500 rooms.
5. An industrial, manufacturing or processing plant or industrial park planned to house more
than 1,000 persons occupying more than 40 acres of land or having more than 650,000
square feet of floor area.
6. A mixed -used project that includes one or more of the projects specified above.
7. A project that would demand an amount of water equivalent to, or greater than, the
amount of water required by a 500 dwelling unit project.
Because the proposed Vallco ASP exceeds criteria 1, 2, 3 and 6 above, a WSA is required. The WSA
assesses the adequacy of the water supply to meet the estimated demands of the proposed Vallco
ASP over the next 20 years and those of Cal Water's LAS District customers and projected new
users under normal, single dry year and multiple dry year conditions. (Water Code § 10911(a)). SB
610 requires that the information presented in a WSA be included in the administrative record that is
the basis for an approval action by the local public agency.
SB 610 recognizes local control and decision-making regarding availability of water for projects and
approval of projects. A WSA is to be provided to local governments for inclusion in environmental
documentation for projects subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (as defined in Water
Code 10912 [a]).
Vallco Area Specific Plan Water Demand
Forecasting net new water demand for the Vallco ASP is generally based on multiplying the
estimated water use on a gallons per day per square foot (gpd/ft2) basis for non-residential use
categories by the new square footage for each category and summing the total. For residential single
family and multi -family categories, water demand is based on LAS District residential use data.
Cal Water has used historic water use data by user classes to develop estimates of water demand for
various projected development uses. Due to implementation of more aggressive water conservation
practices and requirements, historic unit water use factors are viewed as being higher than the water
use factors projected for new developments in 2018 and beyond. Accordingly, the method used here
was to:
1. Estimate water demand of existing uses
2. Estimate water demand of proposed new development based on newer water conservation
requirements for toilets, showers, dishwashers, washing machines and outdoor landscaping and
irrigation systems.
3. Determine the net increase in project water demand by subtracting existing demand from
estimated new development demand.
Following are water use factors by user categories historically experienced by Cal Water:
Dry goods stores:
Commercial offices:
Restaurants (food service):
Supermarkets and food stores:
Average Water Use Factors
gnd/ft2
0.110
& Entertainment:
0.05
1.10
1.10
0.55
US Census Bureau data for 2010 obtained by Cal Water indicate that the number of multi -family
dwelling units in the LAS District was 8,517. The total water demand for multi -family services
in 2010 was 656 AFY. Therefore, the water use factor is 0.077 AFY/dwelling unit or 68.7
gpd/dwelling units.
6
Estimated Existing Average Daily Water Use in the Vallco Shopping Mall:
A breakdown of available space by user category for the existing shopping center is not
available; therefore, the following assumptions are made:
Dry goods stores: 80% x 796,527 ft2 = 637,222 ft2
Restaurants and food stores: 15% x 796,527 ft2 = 119,479 ft2
Commercial offices: 5% x 796,527 ft2 = 39,826 ft2
Estimated Existing Building Water Use:
Dry goods stores: 637,222 ft2 x 0.110 gpd/ft2 = 70,094 gpd
Restaurants and food stores: 119,479 ft2 x 1.10 gpd/ft2 = 131,427 gpd
Commercial offices: 39,826 ft2 x 0.05 gpd/ft2 = 1,991 gpd
Total Estimated Existing Building Average Daily Water Use: 203,512 gpd
Estimated Existing Landscape Irrigation Water Use:
Metered data only for landscape irrigation in the LAS District are not available. In nearby Cal
Water districts, irrigation usage for parks and landscaped areas ranges from 3.0 — 4.0 AFY per
acre. For a park area in San Mateo, metered sales records for two existing parks for 34 months
yielded an irrigation rate of 3,615 gallons per day/acre or 4.05 AFY per acre. For commercial
office landscaping in South San Francisco for one year period, total landscape irrigation water
use was 7,219,192 gallons for an area of 250,143 square feet. Therefore, average daily irrigation
water use was: 0.079 gallons/day/ft2 or 3.85 AFY per acre. Both of these irrigations rates were
for non -drought periods and conventional irrigation methods. For the existing Vallco Shopping
center site, a lower application rate of irrigation water is assumed due to the 5 years of drought
(2012, 2013, 2014, 2015and 2016) or 3 AFY per acre or 2,676 gpd/acre. Based on an aerial
photo, it is estimated that there are 4.7 acres of landscaped areas.
Therefore, estimated existing irrigation water use is 2,676 gpd/acre x 4.7 acres = 12,577 gpd.
Estimated Existing Total Shopping Center Area Water Use: 203,512 gpd + 12,577 gpd =
216,089 gpd
Estimated Water Use for the Proposed Project:
The Proposed Project will replace facilities with buildings that will fully comply with more
stringent and current city water conservation requirements including the California Plumbing
Code and the California Green Building Code, which mandate installation of water conserving
plumbing fixtures and fittings.
Existing water use in the Vallco Shopping Center is based on higher historic water use rate data
(gpd/ft2). It is estimated that new Proposed Vallco ASP facilities will achieve a reduction in
water use rates of 25%.
For example, old toilets often exceed 2 gallons per flush. Later toilets use 1.6 gallons per flush.
The latest water efficient toilets use only 0.6 gallons per flush. Depending on the reference toilet,
the latest toilets achieve 62.5% to 70% reduction in water use. In residential dwelling units, new
dishwashers will be installed which use less water than older conventional machines, which use
between 7 and 14 gallons per wash load. New water efficient dishwaters use between 4.5 and 7
gallons per wash load. Using an average of 10.5 gallons for conventional dishwashers and 5.75
gallons for new water efficient dishwashers results in an average savings of 4.75 gallons per load
or a reduction of 45%. Showers with restricted flow heads have an average flow rate of 2.0
gallons per minute (gpm) versus conventional shower head flows of 2.5 gpm or a 20% reduction.
Washing machines 18 years or older used 40 gallons per standard load versus new machines
using only13 gallons per load or a reduction of 67.5%.
1. Commercial Uses (600,000 ft2
1) Retail (420,000 ft2): Assume 80% of space is dry goods and 20% is restaurants and
food stores
Therefore the average water use rate is: 0.8 x 0.11 + 0.2 x 1.10 = 0.308 gpd/ft2
0.75 x 0.308 gpd/ft2 x 420,000 ft2 = 97,020 gpd
2) Recreational & Entertainment (180,000 ft2):
0.75 x 0.55 gpd/ft2 x 180,000 ft2 = 74,250 gpd
3) Total Commercial: 97,020 + 74,250 = 171,270 gpd
2. Residential (800 units
0.75 x 68.7 gpd/dwelling unit x 800 dwelling units = 41,220 gpd
3. Office (2,000,000 ft2):
0.75 x 0.05 gpd/ft2 x 2,000,000 ft2 = 75,000 gpd
4. Green Roof and Ground Landscaping (36.06 acres):
Based on use of new irrigation systems using drip irrigation for plantings, soil moisture
monitoring for controlling irrigation amounts (frequencies and durations) and planting of
lower water using vegetation, an irrigation rate of 2.0 AFY/acre or 1,785 gpd/acre is used
here. This results in an estimated demand of 1,785 gpd/acre x 36.06 acres = 64,367 gpd
5. Hotel (339 rooms):
Water use for hotels with a restaurant is estimated to be 0.50 gallons/day/sq ft. Estimated
total hotel space per room is estimated to be 390 sq ft.
Therefore, estimated hotel water demand is: 339 rooms x 390 sq ft/room x 0.50
gallons/day/sq ft = 66,105 gpd
6. Civic Space (65,000 ft2 including 10,000 ft2 for a Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) laboratory for high school students
Civic space is viewed as the equivalent of office space; therefore, the civic space water
use factor is estimated to be 0.75 x 0.05 gpd/ft2 = 0.0375 gpd/ft2. The STEM laboratory is
assumed to have a higher water use rate of 0.75 x 0.55 gpd/ft2 = 0.412 gpd/ft2:
55,000 ft2 x 0.0375 gpd/ft2 + 10,000 ft2 x 0.412 gpd/ft2 = 6,182 gpd
7. Total Proposed Project estimated average daily potable water use: 171,270 + 41,220 +
75,000 + 80,369 + 64,367 + 6,182 = 438,408 gpd
Estimated net increase in average daily potable water use for the Proposed Project is:
438,408 gpd — 216,089 gpd = 222,319 gpd or 249.0 AFY.
The City of Cupertino indicates that the green roof and landscape irrigation requirements
estimated to be 64,367 gpd or 72.1 AFY may be met by use of recycled water. If 100% of
irrigation water supply were recycled water, it would result in an estimated total potable water
use for the Proposed Project of 374,041 gpd. For this scenario, the Proposed Project would have
an estimated increase in potable water use of 374,041 — 216,089 = 157,952 gpd or 176.9 AFY.
An agreement involving Cal Water, the City of Sunnyvale, Santa Clara Valley Water District
(SCVWD), City of Cupertino and the Sand Hill Property Company will need to be prepared and
negotiated. It will have to address roles and responsibilities, costs, financing, design and
construction, recycled water delivery quantities and quality and a schedule for implementation of
recycled water delivery. Since that process has not started and it could take several years for all
of this to occur, the WSA assumes that at commencement of use of project facilities, all water
needs will be met by potable supplies.
Agreements involving the City of Sunnyvale (source of the recycled water), SCVWD
(responsible for the transmission system to the City of Cupertino) Cal Water (responsible for
retail delivery of recycled water to the Apple Campus 2 site) and Apple (end user and contributor
for paying part of the conveyance system capital costs) were negotiated and signed and the
recycled water pipeline constructed. However, delivery of recycled water has not started. The
City of Cupertino expressed support for design and construction of an extension of the recycled
water transmission line from the Apple Campus to the Hamptons housing project and the Vallco
area.
Cal Water supports the use of recycled water for the Hamptons and Vallco projects, but is not
engaged in developing an agreement for that purpose.
Estimated Water Use for the General Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density
Alternative
Commercial — same as Proposed Project or 171,270 gpd
Office — 0.75 of the Proposed Project or 56,250 gpd
Hotel — same as Proposed Project or 66,105 gpd
Residential — 3,250 dwelling units or 3.3 x 41,220 gpd (Proposed Project) or 136,026 gpd
Green Roof and Ground Landscaping — same as Proposed Project or 64,367 gpd
Civic Space and STEM laboratory - same as Proposed Project or 6,182 gpd
Total Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density Alternative estimated average daily
potable water use: 171,270 + 37,500 + 66,105 + 136,026 + 64,367 + 6,182 = 481,450 gpd
Estimated net increase in average daily potable water use for the Plan Build -out with Maximum
Residential Density is:
481,450 gpd - 216,089 gpd = 265,361 gpd or 297.2 AFY.
If the landscaped areas are irrigated with recycled water, then the estimated potable demand for
this alternative decreases to 417,083 gpd and the net increase in demand is 200,994 gpd or 225.2
AFY.
Estimated Water Use for the Retail and Residential Alternative
Commercial - same as Proposed Project or 171,270 gpd
Office - 0 gpd
Hotel - same as Proposed Project or 66,105 gpd
Residential - 4,000 dwelling units or 5 x 41,220 gpd (Proposed Project) = 206,100 gpd
Ground Landscaping - 5.6 acres x 1,785 gpd/acre = 9,996 gpd
Total Retail and Residential Alternative estimated average daily potable water use: 171,270 +
66,105 + 206,100 + 9,996 = 453,471 gpd
Estimated net increase in average daily potable water use for the Retail and Residential
alternative is:
453,471 gpd - 216,089 gpd = 237,382 gpd or 265.9 AFY
If the landscaped areas are irrigated with recycled water, then the estimated potable demand for
this alternative decreases to 443,475 gpd and the net increase in demand is 227,386 gpd or 254.7
AFY.
Estimated Water Use for the Occupied/ReTenanted Mall Alternative
Commercial - 1,207,774 ft2
1) Retail (847,000 ft): Assume 80% of space is dry goods and 20% is restaurants and food stores
Therefore the average water use rate is: 0.8 x 0.11 + 0.2 x 1.10 = 0.308 gpd/ft2
0.75 x 0.308 gpd/ft2 x 947,000 ft2 = 218,757 gpd
2) Recreational & Entertainment (260,774 ft):
0.75 x 0.55 gpd/ft2 x 260,774 ft2 = 107,569 gpd
3) Total Commercial: 218,757 + 107,569 = 326,326 gpd
10
Office - 0 gpd
Hotel - 148/339 or 0.4366 x 66,105 = 28,861 gpd
Residential - 0 gpd
Ground Landscaping - 5.6 acres x 1,785 gpd/acre = 9,996 gpd
Total Occupied/ReTenanted Alternative estimated average daily potable water use: 326,326 +
28,861 + 9,996 = 365,183 gpd
Estimated net increase in average daily potable water use for the Retail and Residential
alternative is:
365,183 gpd - 216,089 gpd = 149,094 gpd or 167.0 AFY
If the landscaped areas are irrigated with recycled water, then the estimated potable demand for
this alternative decreases to 355,187 gpd and the net increase in demand is 139,098 gpd or 155.8
AFY.
Estimated Water Use for the Housing Rich Alternative
Commercial - same as Proposed Project: 171,270 gpd
Office - 0.75 x 75,000 gpd = 56,250 gpd
Hotel - same as Proposed Project: 66,105 gpd
Residential - 4.0625 x 41,220 gpd = 167,456 gpd
Civic Area - same as Proposed Project: 6,182 gpd
Green Roof and Ground Landscaping - same as Proposed Project: 64,367 gpd
Total Housing Rich Alternative: 171,270 + 56,250 + 66,105 + 167,456 + 6,182 + 64,367 =
531,630 gpd
Estimated net increase in average daily potable water use for the Housing Rich alternative is:
531,630 gpd - 216,089 gpd = 315,541 gpd or 353.5 AFY
If the green roof and landscaped areas are irrigated with recycled water, then the estimated
potable demand for this alternative decreases to 467,263 gpd and the net increase in demand is
251,174 gpd or 281.4 AFY.
11
Summary of Estimated Net Increase in Potable Water Use including Irrigation of Green Roof
and Ground Landscape:
1. Proposed Project: 222,319 gpd or 249.0 AFY
2. Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density: 265,361 gpd or 297.2 AFY
3. Retail and Residential: 237,382 gpd or 265.9 AFY
4. Occupied/ReTenanted Mall: 149,094 gpd or 167.0 AFY
5. Housing Rich Alternative: 315,541 gpd or 353.5 AFY
Summary of Estimated Net Increase in Potable Water Use with Recycled
Water for Irrigation of Green Roof and Ground Landscape:
1. Proposed Project: 157,919 gpd or 176.9 AFY
2. Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density: 201,036 gpd or 225.2 AFY
3. Retail and Residential: 227,371gpd or 254.7 AFY
4. Occupied/ReTenanted Mall: 139,082 gpd or 155.8 AFY
5. Housing Rich Alternative: 251,174 gpd or 281.4 AFY
LAS District Background Information
The Los Altos District is located in Santa Clara County approximately 45 miles south of San
Francisco and 11 miles north of San Jose. The system serves the majority of the incorporated
city of Los Altos, portions of the cities of Cupertino, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View, Sunnyvale
and adjacent unincorporated areas of Santa Clara County. The service area boundaries are shown
in Figure 1. The cities of Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Cupertino and Santa Clara own and
operate water systems northeast and southeast of the District. Purissima Hills Water District
serves the remaining portion of the Town of Los Altos Hills.
12
Figure 1: LAS District Service Area (Areas bounded by blue line)
Cal Water uses U.S. Census data in estimating population in all of its districts in California. Its
methodology for estimating existing and future population has been reviewed and accepted by the
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), which provides regulatory oversight of privately
owned water and wastewater utilities. Estimates of the population serviced by Cal Water in the LAS
district are based on overlaying the 2010 U.S. Census Tract Block data with the service area
boundary as shown in Figure 4. LandView 5 and MARPLOT® software are used to generate data.
When compared to year 2000 Census data, the 10 year population growth rate in Cal Water's
LAS district service was 18.8% based on a 2000 population census based estimate of 55,177 and
a 2010 population census based estimate of 65,550. This was increase of 10,373 persons in 10
years or average annual increase of 1,037 persons. Total housing units (single family and multi-
family) increased from 21,258 to 25,301 or 4,043 units in 10 years for an average annual
increase of 404 units.
Based on 2010 U.S. Census data, occupant density is 2.59 persons per residential unit (single
family and multifamily units).
13
This data was used as a baseline for estimating population starting in 2010. To calculate
estimated population after 2010, the Census 2010 population was divided by the total number of
dwelling units served by Cal Water in 2010 to produce a population density value. This value
was then multiplied by the number of projected dwelling units in each future year.
The twenty-year growth rate for customer service types was used by Cal Water to estimate the
future number services to 2040 and population in the LAS District. Use of the twenty-year
growth rate correlated most closely with past growth and current growth trends. In the 2010
UWMP, Cal Water estimated the LAS district service area population to be 56,940. As noted,
using 2010 US Census data, Cal Water revised its 2010 estimate to 65,550, which is a difference
of 8,610 or 15.1 % greater.
In the 2015 LAS District UWMP, Cal Water estimated the service area population to be 68,604
in 2015. Service area population increased at an average annual rate of 1.46 percent from 2000
to 2015 primarily because of the expansion of the service area. Between the 2000 and 2010
Censuses, population increased at an average annual rate of 1.74 percent. Between 2010 and
2015, increase slowed to an average annual rate of 0.92 percent per year. Service area population
is projected to increase at a rate of 0.91 percent annually to 2040. This is based on the long-term
growth rate of single-family housing units and an increase in construction of multi -family
housing units.
Cal Water's service area population forecast is shown in Table 1. This forecast is used in the
WSA.
A comparison of various population projections is shown in Figure 2
14
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
O
40,000
a
30,000
20,000
10,000
Figure 2: LAS District Population Projection Comparison
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Year
15
LAS District Water Demand
Actual LAS District water use in 2015 by customer category is shown in Table 2. Total system
demand in 2015 was 10,188 AF. Water use in 2015 was strongly affected by the Drought
Emergency Regulation adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board in May of 2015
(SWRCB Resolution No. 2015-0032). The Drought Emergency Regulation mandated urban
retail water suppliers reduce potable water use between June of 2015 and February of 2016 by
percentage amounts specified by the State Water Resources Control Board. The LAS District
was ordered to reduce potable water use by 32 percent over this period relative to use over the
same period in 2013. Between June and December 2015, water use was 38.3 percent less than
water use over the same period in 2013.
Table 2: LAS District
PseType
Demands for Potable
I Im Quantity
(AF)
Single Family
6,615
Multi -Family
595
Commercial
1,930
Industrial
11
Institutional/Governmental
436
Other
16
Losses
585
Total
10,188
Residential customers account for approximately 92 percent of services and 76 percent of water
use in the District, most of which is associated with single-family residences. Figure 4-1 shows
the distribution of services in 2015. Figure 3 shows historical water sales by customer category.
16
Figure 3: LAS District Demand by User Class for 2015
Figure 4 shows historic water use for all user classes.
�ntial
mercial
i.3%
ustria I
).0%
nment
L%
Figure 4: LAS District Historic Water Use (2015 Data)
■ Single Family (SFR) ■ Multi Family ■ Commercial ■ Industrial ■ Government ■ Other ■ Unaccounted
for Water
18,000
16,000
14,000
1z,000
d
d
10,000
C
c
d
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
N N N N N N
mm m m m m m m m m m w w w o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 1 N w A N M J M W O W W O - N w A N O� J 0] �O O N �+ w A In
Year
F%I
California Senate Bill x7- 7 Baseline and Targets
Senate Bill No. 7 (SBx7-7) adopted in November 2009 mandates a statewide 20% reduction in per
capita urban water use by December 31, 2020. The CPUC directed Class A and B water utilities to
adopt conservation programs and rate structures designed to achieve reductions in per capita water
use. To increase water conservation, Cal Water in 2010 developed five-year conservation program
plans for all of its service districts. The LAS District Conservation Master Plan is in Appendix G of
the 2015 UWMP.
SBx7-7 required reducing per capita water use by at least 10 percent on or before December 31,
2015. Urban retail water suppliers are to develop 2015 and 2020 water use targets in accordance
with alternative methods and specific requirements. Retail water suppliers can also form regional
alliances within the same hydrologic region to achieve compliance.
Annual LAS District per capita demand for the 20 year period between 1995 and 2014 ranged
from a high of 244 gpcd in 2000 to a low of 152 gpcd in 2011. The 2015 annual per capita
demand was 132.5 gpcd — a decrease, which is viewed as the result of LAS District customers
responding to intensified efforts by Cal Water, SCVWD and the state to achieve the 20%
reduction in water mandated by the Governor of California. In its updated projections, Cal
Water increases per capita daily water demand to 184 gpcd in 2020 and beyond assuming that
after the current drought ends, normal or above normal annual rainfall and runoff will occur. An
increase in per capita water consumption has been observed in previous years following
droughts. The 184 gpcd is still less than the adjusted 2015 and 2020 SBx7-7 targets.
Expected water use per service, shown in Figure 5, is based on weather -normalized historical
use, adjusted for future expected water savings from plumbing codes and District conservation
programs. Weather normalization of historical use was done econometrically using the
California Urban Water Conservation Council GPCD Weather Normalization Methodology.
Expected water savings from plumbing codes are presented in Section 4.4 of the LAS District
UWMP. Expected water savings from District conservation programs and projected compliance
with the District's SB X7-7 2020 per capita water use target are discussed in Chapter 9 of the
2015 LAS District UWMP. The projected trend in average use per service shown in Figure 5
does not account for possible effects of climate change on future demand. The potential effects
of climate change on demand are discussed in Section 4.6 of the LAS District UWMP.
Projected water uses in Figure 5 and Table 3 are based on unrestricted demands under normal
weather conditions. Demands are assumed to partially rebound by 2020 from 2015 levels due to
the State Water Resources Control Board's ending its mandatory water use reductions in 2016,
which occurred.
18
Figure 5: Historical and Projected Average Use per Service in Gallons per Day
800
700
a 600
u
`m
'^ 500
a�
n
0 400
a�
n
H 300
0
ra
C7 200
Actual Projected -- Drought Rebound
100
0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Table 3: LAS
Use
District ProjectedDemands
2020 2025
2030 2035
2040
Single Family
9,756
9,750
9,787
9,842
9,909
Multi -Family
865
901
960
1,034
1,122
Commercial
2,465
2,442
2,445
2,448
2,454
Industrial
20
20
20
20
20
Institutional/Governmental
636
657
681
705
731
Other
28
28
28
28
28
Losses
387
392
397
403
408
Total
14,156
14,190
14,318
14,480
14,673
From 2020 to 2040, projected water demand is based on multiplying updated population
projections in Table 1 by varying per capita water use rates.
19
Vallco ASP Proposed Project and Alternatives and LAS District Demand
The estimated completion and full occupancy date of the Proposed Project and Alternatives is
January 2029. It is estimated that 50% of estimated increased new demand will occur by 2025
and the balance or 100% by 2029.
Actual water use in the LAS District in 2017 was 11,656 AF compared to 10,188 AF for 2015 or
an increase of 1,468 AF in two years. The increase in water use was mainly due to the lifting of
the mandatory water use reductions.
The projected LAS District water use in 2030 is 14,318 AF; therefore, the projected increase in
demand between 2017 and 2030 is 2,662 AF.
Expressed as percentages of the increase in demand between 2017 and 2030, the estimated net new
water demand of the Proposed Project and four alternatives assuming the green roof and ground
landscaping are irrigated with potable water are as follows. Also, shown are the percentages of net
new demand based on total 2030 demand.
1. Proposed Project: 9.3% (249/2,662); or 1.7% of total 2030 demand
2. Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density: 11.2% (297.2/2,662); or 2.0% of
total 2030 demand
3. Retail and Residential: 10.0% (265.9/2,662); or 1.8 % of total 2030 demand
4. Occupied/ReTenanted Mall: 6.2% (167/2,662) or 1.2% of total 2030 demand
5. Housing Rich: 13.3% (353.5/2,662) or 2.5% of total 2030 demand
Again, as percentages of the increase in demand between 2017 and 2030, estimated net new water
demand of the Proposed Project and four alternatives assuming the green roof and ground
landscaping are irrigated entirely with recycled water are as follows. These are followed by
percentages of net new demand based on total 2030 demand.
1. Proposed Project: 6.6% (176.9/2,662); or 1.2% of total 2030 demand
2. Plan Build -out with Maximum Residential Density: 6.6% (225.2/2,662); or 1.6% of total
2030 demand
3. Retail and Residential: 8.4% (225.2/2,662); or 1.6% of total 2030 demand
4. Occupied/ReTenanted Mall: 5.8% (155.8/2,662); or 1.1% of total 2030 demand
5. Housing Rich: 10.5% (281.4/2,662); or 2.0 % (281.4/14,318) of total 2030 demand
Water demands of the Apple Campus 2 project are estimated in a SB 610 WSA, February 1,
2012. Total potable and non -potable estimated water use for Apple Campus 2 Phases 1 and 2 is
520 AFY for the water conserving scenario, which was selected and has been implemented. As
presented in the Apple Campus 2 WSA, potable water use at build out was estimated to be 242
AFY and recycled water for landscape irrigation, interior fixtures and process water
requirements was estimated to be 278 AFY.
Cal Water, City of Sunnyvale, Apple, and SCVWD entered into agreement to provide recycled
water to Apple Campus from the Sunnyvale recycled water system. A recycled water
transmission line has been constructed to the Apple Campus 2 site to deliver 175 AFY or 103
20
AFY less than the 278 AFY estimated in the Apple Campus 2 WSA. Accordingly, 103 AFY of
water demand is added to the estimated potable demand of 242 AFY to yield a revised total
potable water demand of 345 AFY for Apple Campus 2 at full occupancy. Total demand is still
estimated to be 520 AFY.
Total estimated existing potable water use site area prior to the Apple Campus 2 project was
estimated to be 398.4 AFY.
Therefore, the net increase in water demand by the Apple Campus 2 project is 121.6 AFY. Since
175 AFY of demand will be met by non -potable water, the net effect on potable supply of the
Apple Campus 2 project is to decrease demand on the potable supply by 53.4 AFY.
A WSA has been prepared by Cal Water for the Hamptons Project. That WSA estimates the
increased demand for the proposed project to be 28.1 AFY.
In a February 29, 2012, letter, the City of Cupertino requested that Cal Water review its SB 610
Water Supply Assessment (WSA) dated August 12, 2008 for the Main Street Development
Project with respect to two proposed additional alternative development options that differ from
the two options assessed in the WSA. The City requested that changes to the base scheme option
be assessed for their impact on project water demand. In a March 21, 2012 response to the City
Cal Water compared the estimated water demand for Option 1D (base scheme) to Plan A, the
higher water use option in the 2008 WSA. In Cal Water's Addendum No. 1 to the WSA, dated
March 21, 2012, the estimated water demand for Option 1D (Base Scheme) is 268,580 gpd
compared to the August 12, 2008, WSA estimated demand for Plan A of 265,400 gallons/day.
The demand for Option 1D, used here, is: 30.1 AFY.
The estimated water demands for the 1) Plan Build out with the Housing Rich Alternative (HRA)
which has the highest projected water use for the Vallco ASP, 2) Hamptons Project, 2) Apple
Campus 2 using recycled water and the typical development scenario and 4) Main Street
Development Project are added to Cal Water's 2015 LAS District demand projection shown in
Table 2 resulting in a revised LAS District demand projection shown in Table 4.
4: LAS
Actual
District
and
2005
Plus
Projected
2010
Four
Water
2015
Development
DemandTable
2020
2025
Projects
2030
2035
2040
LAS District
14,758
11,648
10,188
14,156
14,190
14,318
14,480
14,673
Hamptons Project
0
0
0
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
28.1
Vallco (HRA) Build Out
0
0
0
0
176.8
353.5
353.2
353.2
Apple Campus 2
0
0
0
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
121.6
Main Street Project
0
0
0
30.1
30.1
30.1
30.1
30.1
Total
14,758
11,648
10,188
14,336
14,547
14,851
15,013
15,206
21
LAS District Water Demand Management
Cal Water has significantly expanded its water conservation programs. State law, CPUC
directives and a state water conservation organization are focused on reducing urban water use
and have provided much of the impetus. This includes:
1. Recent decisions by the CPUC directing regulated water utilities to reduce per capita
urban water demand.
2. State legislation mandating urban water suppliers reduce per capita demand 20 percent by
2020.
3. Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California
(MOU).
The projections of future water use incorporate expected water savings from plumbing codes and
appliance standards for residential and commercial toilets, urinals, clothes washers, dishwashers,
and showerheads. These savings are commonly referred to as passive water savings to
differentiate them from water savings resulting from water supplier conservation programs,
which are termed active water savings. Active water savings resulting from the LAS District's
implementation of demand management measures are discussed in Chapter 9 of the 2015
UWMP. The estimates of passive water savings in Table 5 were developed with the Alliance for
Water Efficiency's Water Conservation Tracking Tool using data on the vintage, number, and
water using characteristics of residences and businesses within LAS District's service area.
The following codes and standards are the basis for estimated passive water savings:
• AB 715, enacted in 2007, requires that any toilet or urinal sold or installed in
California on or after January 1, 2014 cannot have a flush rating exceeding 1.28 and
0.5 gallons per flush, respectively. On April 8, 2015, in response to the Governor's
Emergency Drought Response Executive Order (EO B-29-15), the California Energy
Commission approved new standards for urinals requiring that they not consume
more than 0.125 gallons per flush, 75% less than the standard set by AB 715.
• Water use standards for residential and commercial clothes washers and dishwashers
are established by the U.S. Department of Energy through its authority under the
federal Energy Policy and Conservation Act. Water use efficiency is summarized by
the water factor for the appliance which measures the gallons of water used per cycle
per cubic foot of capacity. A typical top -loading residential clothes washer
manufactured in the 1990s had a water factor of around 12. In 2015, the allowable
water factor for top- and front -loading residential clothes was reduced to 8.4 and 4.7,
respectively. In 2018, water factor standard for top -loading residential clothes
washers has been reduced to 6.5. In 2010 the allowable water factor for top- and
front -loading commercial clothes washers was reduced to 8.5 and 5.5, respectively.
`*a
The maximum water factor for Energy Star compliant top- and front -loading washers
is 3.7 and 4.3, respectively. An Energy Star compliant washer uses about two-thirds
less water per cycle than washers manufactured in the 1990s. Federal dishwasher
water use efficiency standards were last updated in 2013. The maximum water use for
standard and compact sized dishwashers is 5.0 and 3.5 gallons per cycle, respectively.
• New construction and renovations in California are now subject to CalGreen Code
requirements. CalGreen includes prescriptive indoor provisions for maximum water
consumption of plumbing fixtures and fittings in new and renovated properties.
CalGreen also allows for an optional performance path to compliance, which requires
an overall aggregate 20% reduction in indoor water use from a calculated baseline
using a set of worksheets provided with the CalGreen guidelines.
• SB 407, enacted in 2009, mandates that all buildings in California come up to current
State plumbing fixture standards within this decade. This law establishes
requirements that residential and commercial property built and available for use on
or before January 1, 1994 replace plumbing fixtures that are not water conserving,
defined as "noncompliant plumbing fixtures" as follows:
o any toilet manufactured to use more than 1.6 gallons of water per flush;
o any urinal manufactured to use more than one gallon of water per flush;
o any showerhead manufactured to have a flow capacity of more than 2.5
gallons of water per minute; and
o any interior faucet that emits more than 2.2 gallons of water per minute.
For single-family residential property, the compliance date was January 1, 2017. For
multi -family and commercial property, it is January 1, 2019. In advance of these
dates, the law requires effective January 1, 2014 for building alterations and
improvements to all residential and commercial property that water -conserving
plumbing fixtures replace all noncompliant plumbing fixtures as a condition for
issuance of a certificate of final completion and occupancy or final permit approval
by the local building department.
SB 407 also requires effective January 1, 2017 that a seller or transferor of single-
family residential property disclose to the purchaser or transferee, in writing, the
specified requirements for replacing plumbing fixtures and whether the real property
includes noncompliant plumbing. Similar disclosure requirements go into effect for
multi -family and commercial transactions January 1, 2019. SB 837, passed in 2011,
reinforces the disclosure requirement by amending the statutorily required transfer
disclosure statement to include disclosure about whether the property is in
compliance with SB 407 requirements. These two laws require retrofit of non-
compliant plumbing fixtures upon resale or major remodeling for single-family
residential properties effective January 1, 2017 and for multi -family and commercial
properties effective January 1, 2019.
• SB 7, enacted in 2016, requires a water purveyor that provides water service to a
newly constructed multiunit residential structure or newly constructed mixed-use
residential and commercial structure that submits an application for a water
23
connection after January 1, 2018, measure the quantity of water supplied to each
individual dwelling unit as a condition of new water service and permit the
measurement to be by individual water meters or submeters. This bill intends to
encourage the conservation of water in multiunit structures.
California has also adopted regulations governing the future use of landscape water use.
• The California Water Commission approved the State's updated Model Water
Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) on July 15, 2015. The updated MWELO
supersedes the State's MWELO developed pursuant to AB 1881. Local agencies had
until December 1, 2015 to adopt the MWELO or to adopt a Local Ordinance which
must be at least as effective in conserving water as MWELO. Local agencies working
together to develop a Regional Ordinance have until February 1, 2016 to adopt. The
size of landscapes subject to MWELO has been lowered from 2500 sq. ft. to 500 sq.
ft. The size threshold applies to residential, commercial, industrial and institutional
projects that require a permit, plan check or design review. Additionally, the
maximum applied water allowance (MAWA) has been lowered from 70% of the
reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to 55% for residential landscape projects, and to
45% of ETo for non-residential projects. This water allowance reduces the landscape
area that can be planted with high water use plants such as cool season turf. For
typical residential projects, the reduction in the MAWA reduces the percentage of
landscape area that can be planted to high water use plants from 33% to 25%. In
typical non-residential landscapes, the reduction in MAWA limits the planting of high
water use plants to special landscape areas. The revised MWELO allows the
irrigation efficiency to be entered for each area of the landscape. The site -wide
irrigation efficiency of the previous ordinance (2010) was 0.71; for the purposes of
estimating total water use, the revised MWELO defines the irrigation efficiency (IE)
of drip irrigation as 0.81 and overhead irrigation and other technologies must meet a
minimum IE of 0.75.
• CalGreen requires that automatic irrigation system controllers for new landscaping
provided by a builder and installed at the time of final inspection must be weather- or
soil moisture -based controllers that automatically adjust irrigation in response to
changes in plant water needs as weather or soil conditions change.
The estimates of future water savings in Table 4 do not include potential landscape water savings
from implementation of MWELO or CalGreen because estimating these savings required data
that was not available to the District at the time this plan was prepared, including data on existing
and future landscape areas, plant materials, irrigation equipment, and probable enforcement of
and compliance with the landscape design and irrigation equipment requirements.
There are three ways in which a water supplier can comply with the MOU. The first is to implement
a set of water conservation best management practices (BMPs) according to the requirements and
schedules set forth in Exhibit 1 of the MOU. The second way, called Flex Track compliance, is to
implement conservation programs expected to save an equivalent or greater volume of water than the
BMPs. The third, similar to SBx7-7, is to reduce per capita water use.
24
Cal Water used Flex Track to estimate expected water savings over the 10 -year period (2009-2018)
were it to implement programmatic BMPs in accordance with MOU requirements as shown in Table
6. It can achieve these water savings through any combination of programs it selects.
Table 6: MOU Best Management
BMP Grou BMP Name
1. Utility Operations Programs (F)
Conservation Coordinator
Water Waste Prevention
Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
Water Loss Control
Metering & Volumetric Rates
Retail Conservation Pricing
2. Education Programs (F)
Public Information Programs
School Education Programs
3. Residential (P)
Residential Assistance Program
Landscape Water Surveys
High Efficiency Clothes Washer Program
Watersense Toilet Program
Watersense Specifications for Residential Development
4. Commercial, Industrial, Institutional (P)
Reduce baseline CII water use by 10% in 10 years
5. Landscape (P)
Large Landscape Water Budget Programs
Large Landscape Water Surveys
F = Foundational BMP, P = Programmatic BMP
2015 and 2020 Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD) LAS District Targets
Urban retail water suppliers may select from four GPCD target methods (CWC 10608.20).
• Target Method 1: 20% reduction from 10 -year baseline GPCD
• Target Method 2: Water use efficiency performance standards
• Target Method 3: 95% of Hydrologic Region Target
• Target Method 4: Savings by water sector, DWR Method 4
Regardless of target method selected, the final target cannot exceed 95 percent of the 5 -year
baseline period average GPCD (CWC 10608.22).
The LAS District selected Target Method 1, which sets the 2020 target to either 80 percent of the
10 -year baseline or 95 percent of the 5 -year baseline average GPCD, whichever is less. This
results in a 2020 target of 185 GPCD. The 2015 interim target of 209 GPCD is the midpoint
between the 10 -year baseline average GPCD and the 2020 target.
The District's GPCD baselines and targets are summarized in Table 7.
Table District Baselines and GPCD Targets
Baseline
Average 2015 Interim Confirmed
Start Years
End Years
Period
GPCD Target 2020 Target
10-15 year 1996
2005
232 209 185
5 Year 2003
2007
223
`&I
The LAS District's 2015 compliance daily per capita water use was 133 gallons compared to its
2015 interim target of 209 gallons.
The low per capita water use in 2015 partially reflects the impacts of the Drought Emergency
Regulation adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board in May of 2015 (SWRCB
Resolution No. 2015-0032). Among other things, the Drought Emergency Regulation mandated
urban retail water suppliers reduce potable water use between June of 2015 and February of 2016
by percentage amounts specified by the State Water Resources Control Board. The LAS District
was ordered to reduce potable water use by 32 percent over this period relative to use over the
same period in 2013.However, the Drought Emergency Regulation does not explain all of the
decline in per capita water use, which has been trending downward since 2000 when it reached
244 GPCD. By 2014 this had fallen by 30 percent, to 172 GPCD. Between 2014 and the end of
2015, per capita water use had fallen an additional 23 percent, to 133 GPCD.
Demand Management Measures (DMM)
Cal Water centrally administers its conservation programs for its 24 districts. DMM programs
are grouped in the following categories in Section 10631(f) of the UWMP Act:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances
(ii) Metering
(iii) Conservation pricing
(iv) Public education and outreach
(v) Distribution system water loss management
(vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support
(vii) Other demand management measures
Following are summaries of these programs.
Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
Cal Water enforcement of water use restrictions is authorized by the CPUC through Rule 14.1 or
Schedule 14.1. Restrictions may also be regulated by ordinances passed by the local
governments. In the LAS District, the Cities of Cupertino, Mountain View, and Sunnyvale have
passed water conservation ordinances, which are included in Appendix J of the 2015 UWMP.
Due to worsening drought conditions, Cal Water filed Schedule 14.1 with the CPUC in the
spring of 2015 which went into effect on June 1, 2015. Cal Water's Schedule 14.1 filing, which
applies to both residential and non-residential customers, was responsive to the Governor's
emergency drought declaration and executive order requiring a statewide 25% reduction in urban
potable water use. It also complies with regulations adopted by the State Water Resources
Control Board (State Board) and the CPUC to achieve that reduction by the end of February
2016. Schedule 14.1 put measures in place to enable Cal Water to enforce water -use prohibitions
set by the State Board, including:
• Applying water to outdoor landscapes that causes runoff onto adjacent property, non-
irrigated areas, private and public walkways, roadways, parking lots, or structures
• Using a hose to wash motor vehicles unless the hose is fitted with a shut-off nozzle or
device that causes it to cease dispensing water immediately when not in use
• Applying water to driveways and sidewalks
26
• Using water in a fountain or other decorative water feature, except where the
water is part of a recirculating system
• Applying water to outdoor landscapes during and within 48 hours after measurable
rainfall
• Using potable water to irrigate outside of new construction without drip or micro -
spray systems
• Using potable water on street medians
• Filling or refilling ornamental lakes or ponds except to sustain existing aquatic life
Additionally, Schedule 14.1 requires that:
• Customers must fix leaks within their control within five business days of notification
• Hotel/motel operators must provide option to not have towels or linens laundered
daily during a guest's stay, and must provide clear notice of this option in easy -to -
understand language
• Restaurants and other eating and drinking establishments may only serve drinking
water upon request
With the approval of the Schedule 14.1 filing, beginning June 1, 2015, individual customers in
each Cal Water district were provided water budgets based upon their water use each month in
2013 minus the state -mandated reduction for the Los Altos Suburban District of 32%. If a
customer used less than his or her water budget, the unused water was carried forward, similar to
rollover minutes on a cell phone plan. Water used in excess of the monthly budget was subject
to a drought surcharge. The surcharge was discounted for customers on Cal Water's Low -Income
Rate Assistance (LIRA) program. To help with compliance, the customer's monthly bill showed
the water budget for the following month. Customer's water use history back to 2011 and their
water budgets were available online
Cal Water's Schedule 14.1 filing is included as Appendix J of the 2015 UWMP.
Metering
All service connections within the LAS District are metered. Meters are read monthly and
routinely maintained and calibrated.
Conservation pricing
Starting in 2008, Cal Water adopted tiered usage rates for single family residential services.
Uniform use rate designs still apply to the other water user types. Conservation pricing provides
economic incentives to customers to use water more efficiently.
The LAS District's rate structure complies with Option 1 of the Urban MOU's definition of
conservation pricing. Urban MOU BMP compliance reports are provided in Appendix I of the
2015 UWMP.
Public Education and Outreach
Cal Water's public outreach program is comprised of four components:
Residential Customer Assistance
P*A
Non -Residential Customer Assistance
Public Information and School Education
Rebate Program Information and Marketing
Programs for Reducing Distribution System Losses
Cal Water annually quantifies the LAS District's apparent and real water losses. Conservation
staff using the AWWA water audit method and component analysis process has completed water
balances for all Cal Water districts. For the three-year period 2013-2015, apparent and real
water loss in the LAS District averaged 857 AF, or about 7 percent of total production.
In addition to its routine and planned system maintenance and water loss reporting, in 2017 Cal
Water implemented a lift -and -shift sonic data logger leak detection program in the LAS District.
The lift -and -shift program surveys up to one-third of main miles annually in three shifts. Lift -
and -shift sonic data logging technology will enable Cal Water to quickly and efficiently locate
leaks in one part of the water distribution system and then redeploy the equipment to another
part. Cal Water estimates this program will reduce real water loss in the District by 40 AFY.
Additional potential benefits of the program include reduced excavation of streets, less staff
overtime spent responding to and repairing catastrophic main breaks, and improvement to the
best management practices of the valve maintenance program.
LAS District Water Supply
Water supply for the LAS District is from Cal Water wells and purchased treated water from
SCVWD. During the last 5 years approximately 35% of total supply was from Cal Water wells
and 65% was purchased water from SCVWD.
The amount of groundwater pumped annually from Cal Water wells depends upon the supply
available from SCVWD. SCVWD imports surface water to the region through the South Bay
Aqueduct of the State Water Project (SWP), the San Felipe Division of the Federal Central
Valley Project (CVP), and through the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission's (SFPUC)
Regional Water System. However, Cal Water only receives water from the SWP and CVP.
Purchased SCVWD water projections are based on historical trends being extended to 2040 and
include "Non -Contract" water. In SCVWD's 2012 Water Supply and Infrastructure Master Plan
baseline supplies are projected to increase from 398,000 AFY in 2012 to 421,000 AFY in 2035
or an average annual increase of 1,000 AFY per year. In addition, water conservation savings are
projected to increase from 53,000 AFY in 2012 to 99,000 AFY in 2030 or an average annual
increase in savings of 2,555 AFY per year. So the effective SCVWD increase in supply
including water conservation savings is 3,555 AFY. The LAS District's share of SCVWD's
average annual effective supply increase is about 2.2%
Groundwater supply projections are based on groundwater production being set to meet the
difference between LAS District demand and supply deliveries from SCVWD in a given year.
Cal Water has more than adequate well capacity to meet projected demands through 2040. As
wells reach the end of their useful life are taken out of service, they are replaced with new wells.
Table 8 presents the supply plan to match the projected LAS District demand projection in Table
28
4. Assuming no water supply shortages and based the amount of potable water delivered by
SCVWD to the LAS District and a constant annual use of recycled water from SCVWD for non -
potable use on the Apple Campus 2 site and other future sites, Cal Water will pump groundwater
from its wells to meet demand.
Table '
Water Supply Sources
District
2010
Actual and
2015
Projected
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
SCVWD Purchased Water
8,887
6,846
10,400
10,600
10,800
11,000
11,200
Groundwater Wells
3,892
3,342
3,716
3,713
3,790
3,752
3,745
Recycled Water
0
0
220
261
261
261
261
11,648
10,188
14,336
14,547
14,851
15,013
15,206
SCVWD Purchased Water
Cal Water has a contract to 2035 with SCVWD to purchase treated surface water and convey it
to the LAS District. SCVWD owns and operates three separate water treatment plants
(Penitencia, Rinconada, and Santa Teresa) to produce supplies for its retail utilities. Finished
water is delivered to the LAS District from the Rinconada treatment plant through the West
Pipeline, a large -diameter pipe that runs through Cupertino and along the Foothill Expressway.
The LAS District takes SCVWD water from four locations in the system - the "Tantau-Vallco",
"Granger", "Farndon", and "Covington" turnouts. The Farndon and Granger turnouts are located
directly on the West Pipeline, while the Tantau-Vallco turnout is located on the Santa Clara
Distributary, and the Covington connection is located on the Mountain View Distributary.
When surface water supplies are plentiful, SCVWD authorizes the sale of "Non -Contract" water
in order to facilitate conjunctive use storage of surplus supply in groundwater aquifers in the
region. Because there is usually an economic advantage to purchasing "Non -Contract" water, the
LAS District reduces production of groundwater and increases its purchase of surface deliveries
from SCVWD. When supplies are scarce, SCVWD has imposed both voluntary and mandatory
reductions in the use of water. Because surplus supplies are stored underground by SCVWD
when available, during shortages the District increases groundwater production and reduces the
direct purchase of water from SCVWD.
Because SCVWD replenishes the groundwater resources within its boundaries, it levies an
assessment on the production of groundwater to finance this operation. During normal periods
of supply, the groundwater pumping assessment is set such that the cost of pumping groundwater
is essentially equal to the cost of directly purchasing water from SCVWD. Because it is
unknown whether "Non -Contract" water will be available when the purchase water schedules are
prepared, and because "Non -Contract" water is only available in the non -summer months
between October and April of the next year, the scheduling of deliveries is set to maximize the
delivery of purchased water in the summer and utilize groundwater production capacity to its
fullest during all other periods. This scheduling pattern enables the LAS District to take
29
advantage of the economic incentive provided by the sale of "Non -Contract" water and assist
SCVWD in accomplishing the goal of storing surplus supplies. SCVWD has scheduling
restrictions regarding the purchase of direct deliveries. These restrictions currently limit the
Peak Day deliveries to 180 percent of the average day delivery; the maximum monthly delivery
cannot exceed fifteen percent of the annual scheduled delivery.
SCVWD prepared a 2012 Water Supply and Infrastructure Master Plan (WSIP) which indicates
that the basis for its sustainable water supply strategy is to: 1) secure existing supplies and
infrastructure, 2) optimize use of existing supplies and infrastructure, and 3) increase recycling
and conservation. The WSIP states it will "secure existing supplies and facilities for
future generations". In addition, SCVWD will make more effective use of its
existing assets. It is committed to working with its retail utilities to meet Silicon Valley's future
increases in water demand through conservation and recycling. The 2012 WSIP takes into
account climate changes and reduced imported supplies and is based on the 2010 UWMPs
prepared by its member utilities. It is intended to be responsive to stakeholder needs and provide
adequate supplies and delivery infrastructure through 2035. Baseline water supplies are expected
to increase from the current average of about 398,000 AFY to an average of 421,000 AFY in
2035. The increase in baseline supplies is due to removal of operating restrictions on existing
reservoirs and increased non -potable water recycling. Baseline conservation savings are
projected to increase from about 53,000 AFY in 2011 to about 99,000 AFY by 2030. These
savings are expected to reduce demands on the water supply system and the need for more
capital -intensive improvements. SCVWD indicates that adequate investment in its infrastructure
system is critical to supply reliability. Some key elements of SCVWD's plan are:
1) Groundwater Recharge: new ponds will add about 3,300 AFY on average.
2) Reservoir Pipeline: A connection between Lexington Reservoir and the raw water
system will provide greater flexibility in using existing local water supplies and will
allow surface water from Lexington Reservoir to be put to beneficial use elsewhere in the
county, especially when combined with the indirect potable reuse project. In addition, the
pipeline will enable SCVWD to capture some wet -weather flows that would otherwise
flow to the Bay. The pipeline will provide an average annual yield of 1,500 AFY.
3) Imported Water Reoperations: SCVWD will re -operate its Semitropic Groundwater
Bank when it is nearly full and SCVWD water supply needs are otherwise met to sell or
exchange up to 50,000 AFY of stored water. This would create additional space in the
Semitropic Groundwater Bank for carryover of supplies during wetter years, maximize
the value of SCVWD's existing assets (imported water contracts and investment in the
Semitropic Groundwater Bank), and potentially help fund investments in infrastructure
and additional local supplies.
4) Increase Recycling and Conservation: SCVWD's supply sustainability strategy relies
upon development of indirect potable reuse to provide most of the new water supply to
meet future water needs. The WSIP assumes that at least 20,000 AFY of advanced treated
recycled water will be used for groundwater recharge by 2030. Currently, SCVWD is in
the process of accelerating the expansion of its existing Silicon Valley Advanced Water
Purification Center (SVAWPC) which has an existing production capacity of 8 mgd
(8,970 AFY) to probably 32 mgd (35,870 AFY) by mid -2020 and using the product water
30
for recharging groundwater aquifers for potable use.
Details on the availability and scheduling of SCVWD surface water deliveries are described
further in Section 6.1 of the LAS District 2015 UWMP.
Groundwater
Cal Water has more than sufficient well capacity to meet the demands not met by SCVWD
purchases through 2040. As older wells are taken out of service and replaced with new wells,
the system's total capacity is expected to only marginally increase.
Maximum day demands, both current and projected, are supplied by deliveries of imported water
from SCVWD. Production records show that average day demand reached a high of 14.19 MGD
in 2004. The ten-year average through 2014 was 12.36 MGD. The maximum day demand
reached 28.72 MGD in 2001 with a ten-year average of 22.32 MGD. The 10 -year average
values result in a typical maximum day to average day ratio of 1.81. Historically, the District's
distribution facilities have been able to deliver this level of demand.
Average static groundwater elevations in the District have remained relatively consistent since
the SCVWD began its recharge activities. Over the period of record the level has fluctuated due
to varying hydrologic conditions. As shown in Figure 6, the extended multi-year drought in the
early 1990's caused a 40 -foot decline in static groundwater elevation. Drought recovery began
in 1992, with an increase in the average static groundwater elevation to pre -drought levels.
Elevations again declined in 2014-15.
The LAS District has 20 wells, which are currently active and operational. The wells have a
combined design capacity of 14,440 gpm, which is 20.79 million gallons per day (mgd).
Operated continuously at 90% of design capacity, the wells could produce 20,980 AFY. While
the LAS District has not had the need to operate its wells continuously, it has produced 650 to
750 AF in a given month or 9,000 AFY, which is only 43% of 20,980 AFY.
Maximum day demands, both current and projected, are supplied by deliveries of treated water
from SCVWD. Production records show that average day demand reached a high of 13.83 mgd
(15,504 AFY) in 2008 and has a ten-year average of 13.36 mgd, while maximum day demand
reached 28.72 mgd with a ten-year average of 24.91 mgd. These values result in an average day
to maximum day ratio of 1.86:1. The LAS District distribution system is designed to deliver
anticipated maximum day demands.
Average static groundwater elevations in the District were relatively constant after the SCVWD
began its recharge program. However, during the past 4 year drought period (from 2012 to
2015), the running average declined about 18 feet as shown in Figure 7, which is still
significantly better than before SCVWD's recharge program. Average static water levels in 1991
were 140 feet below ground surface versus 110 feet for 2015 — a difference of 30 feet. Over the
period of record, average static levels have fluctuated due to hydrologic conditions. The
extended multi-year drought in the early 1990's reduced groundwater surplus water and caused a
40 -foot decline in static groundwater elevation. Drought recovery began in 1992, with an
increase in the average static groundwater elevation to pre -drought levels, as shown in Figure 7.
31
Figure 6: LAS District Well Level Average (Static)
DISTRICT WELL LEVEL AVERAGE (Statio)
District: LOS ALTOS SUBURBAN For All Years Ar, Of: 111212016
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■■.1■f11.�jA���}���1rir�R'!�"��:.1�..�+�� .►ii�7,li1i1
■■!■■ I I■I.a'1'1':iJ■ I ■I i■■�Ilri■�■�!■liltl�l l{1YJ
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
Basin Description
Section 6.2 of the 2015 UWMP provides more information on groundwater. DWR Bulletin 118
(Appendix G in the 2015 UWMP) provides detailed information on the Santa Clara sub -basin of
the Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin from which Cal Water's wells pump water.
Groundwater Management
Groundwater quality and quantity in the LAS District are actively managed by SCVWD in
accordance with its Groundwater Management Plan (GMP), which it updates periodically. The
most recent update was completed in 2012. A copy of the 2012 SCVWD Groundwater
Management Plan is included in Appendix G of the LAS District 2015 UWMP.
Since the 1930s, SCVWD's water supply strategy has been to effectively manage the integrated
use of surface and groundwater supplies to reliably meet water supply demands. This includes
recharge of groundwater with imported and local surface supplies and through maximizing use
of treated surface waters when available, acquisition of supplemental water supplies, water
conservation and wastewater recycling.
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
On September 16, 2014, Governor Brown signed into law Assembly Bill 1739, Senate Bill
1168, and Senate Bill 1319 (AB -1739, SB -1168, and SB -1319). This three -bill legislative
32
package is known collectively as the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).
SGMA was amended in 2015 by Senate Bill 13, Senate Bill 226 and Assembly Bill 1390 to
provide clarity to the original law and guidance on groundwater adjudications. This legislation
defines sustainable groundwater management as the "management and use of groundwater in a
manner that can be maintained during the planning and implementation horizon without causing
undesirable results" [Water Code § 10721(u)].
The legislation provides for financial and enforcement tools to carry out effective local
sustainable groundwater management through formation of Groundwater Sustainability Agencies
(GSA's) consisting of local public agencies, water companies regulated by the CPUC and mutual
water companies. The legislation requires that GSA's within High and Medium Priority basins
under the California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring (CASGEM) program subject
to critical conditions of overdraft prepare and submit a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP)
for the basin by January 31, 2020 [Water Code § 10720.7(a) (1)], and requires GSA's in all other
groundwater basins designated as High or Medium Priority basins to prepare and submit a GSP
by January 31, 2022 [Water Code § 10720.7 (a) (2)]. Following State approval, the basin would
thereafter be managed under the GSP.
Cal Water plans to work with other stakeholders in basins from which Cal Water pumps water to
do what is best for sustainably managing that basin. This includes equitable sharing of costs and
benefits. Cal Water recognizes the technical, legal, political, economic and financial challenges
of the legislation and intends to take an active role in the local and state-wide management of
groundwater resources over the next 25+ years. Specific steps that the Company intends to take
include (among others):
• Outreach to public agencies to ensure that Cal Water's presence, rights and interests,
historical and current resource concerns are incorporated within the GSA and GSP
formulation processes;
• Outreach to local and regulatory agencies to ensure Cal Water's participation in
meeting requirements and expectations set forth by SGMA;
• Enhanced use of digital/electronic groundwater monitoring equipment and other new
technology for measuring withdrawal rates, pumping water levels, and key water
quality parameters within the context of day-to-day operations;
• Full participation in the development of GSP's and formulation of groundwater
models being constructed in basins from which groundwater is pumped;
• Full participation in individual and/or joint projects aimed at mitigating seawater
intrusion, overdrafting and other problems;
• Including groundwater management principles and data in all applicable technical
reports, studies, facility master plans, and urban water management plans (including
the 2015 UWMP update), particularly as these undertakings relate or pertain to water
resource adequacy and reliability;
33
• Including groundwater management principles and data in all general rate case (GRC)
filings and grant applications to ensure that resource management objectives remain
visible and central to Cal Water's long-term planning/budgeting efforts;
UWMPs prepared by Cal Water over the past decade, including 2015, contain many of the
elements required by SGMA and thus will be useful for implementation of SGMA and the basin
GSP.
Table 9 shows the volumes pumped by Cal Water from the sub -basin over the past 5 years.
LAS District Capital Improvements Program
Cal Water has an ongoing capital improvements program for the LAS District. It assesses the
operational condition and useful life of all of its wells, their production output and water quality
to ensure compliance with state drinking water standards. The program includes repair,
rehabilitation, replacement and development of new wells in order to ensure a reliable production
capacity to meet 100% of average annual daily demand with sufficient reserve production
capacity in the event several large production wells are non -operational for maintenance or other
reasons. Capital improvements projects for a three year period are submitted to the CPUC for
review and approval. In its general office in San Jose, Cal Water has a large multi -disciplinary
engineering department and water quality department that works with the LAS District staff in
implementing projects and ensuring their operational readiness on a timely basis.
Supply Adequacy and Reliability Assessment
This section summarizes previously presented information on projected demand and supplies for the
LAS District to address the question of whether its supplies are adequate and reliable for the next 20
years for normal hydrologic conditions, one dry year and a multiple dry year period. Note that supply
always equals demand due to the fact that Cal Water varies its groundwater production in response to
the availability of SCVWD purchased water.
Figure 7 compares annual rainfall from 1985 to 2015 (30 years) to the historic average (16.44
inches). A normal hydrologic year occurred in 1927 when precipitation was approximately 0.2
percent below the historic average for the period from 1903 to 2015.
34
Figure 7: LAS District Annual Rainfall
IIIIIIII! Rainfall �5-yr Moving Average
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
■■■ 1M■■■■■■1E■■■■■9■I I■■7 I■■■
■■■ m■■■■■ IMI I■■ I■■■
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III==== ■■I I I I■ IMI III==
IN 7■■■■ ■ I I I I■ I■9 IIff, mm 11 IN
■7
INN I I IF
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LIME �■ ■I �■ I■I.■lil ■I an ■111111 IN l
■ I■ NMI L■11 i■J■■■■I ■■ ■■� �■
SOURCE: PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, http://prism.oregonstate.edu, created Feb
2016
The single -dry and multi -dry base years for drought planning shown in Table 10 are based on the
designations of SCVWD.
Historically, Non -Contract water has supplied a large portion of the LAS District total supply
requirements. However, this source is not considered a normally available supply. Non -
Contract water deliveries have a five year average of 3,368 AF, which is 22 percent of the total
supply to the Los Altos District for this period. Non -Contract water will be the first source of
35
Year Type
Base Year
Available
% of avg supply
Average Year
1927
14,872
100%
Single -Dry Year
1977
14,872
100%
Multiple -Dry Years 1st Year
2013
13,015
87.5%
Multiple -Dry Years 2nd Year
2014
9,660
65%
Multiple -Dry Years 3rd Year
2015
11,735
76.5%
Historically, Non -Contract water has supplied a large portion of the LAS District total supply
requirements. However, this source is not considered a normally available supply. Non -
Contract water deliveries have a five year average of 3,368 AF, which is 22 percent of the total
supply to the Los Altos District for this period. Non -Contract water will be the first source of
35
supply to be eliminated and acts as a buffer for a single dry year or multi-year drought. During
multiple dry years, decreased purchased water is made up by pumping stored groundwater.
According to SCVWD's UWMP, if reductions in SWP and CVP deliveries occur due to drought
events, the diversion of water to percolation ponds will be curtailed first, followed by agricultural
deliveries, and finally urban water deliveries. When this happens an increased reliance will be
put on production from stored groundwater, which increases during years of surplus surface
water deliveries. Because of this policy, SCVWD anticipates that it will be able to meet its retail
urban water demands by shifting supply sources even during multiple dry year periods.
Tables 11, 12, and 13 are reproduced from the SCVWD May 17. 2016 update of their 2015
UWMP, and show respectively the average, single -dry, and multi -dry year available supplies,
demands, and surpluses or shortages. The tables include all supplies available to the LAS
District, including groundwater, which is managed by SCVWD. The LAS District assumes that
its future supplies will be subject to the same percentage shortages as shown in Tables 12 and 13.
Should shortages occur, Cal Water would more aggressively implement its demand management
programs and requirements.
11:
SCVWDTable Average
Supplies and Demands
Supplies
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Natural Groundwater
Recharge
60,900
60,900
60,900
60,900
61,000
Local Surface Water
78,600
85,600
89,700
92,400
93,400
Recycled Water
23,300
28,500
31,900
33,100
33,500
Potable Reuse
-
20,200
20,200
20,200
20,200
San Francisco Public
Utilities Commission
56,400
57,600
57,800
58,000
58,500
CVP and SWP
Allocations
171,000
175,300
175,300
175,300
175,300
Sum
390,200
428,100
435,800
439,900
441,900
Demands
371,200
1 391,300
408,600
425,800
1 435,100
Difference
19,000
36,800
27,200
14,100
6,800
Percent Shortage
--
--
--
--
--
36
Table 12:
1 Single
Dry Year
Supplies and Demands
Supplies
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Natural
Groundwater
Recharge
47,500
47,500
47,500
47,500
47,500
Local Surface Water
6,000
16,600
18,600
19,100
19,000
Recycled Water
23,300
28,500
31,900
33,100
33,500
Potable Reuse
-
20,200
20,200
20,200
20,200
San Francisco Public
Utilities
Commission
55,900
57,100
57,200
57,500
57,900
CVP and SWP
Allocations
73,600
73,600
73,600
73,600
73,600
Transfers
6,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Reserves
158,300
135,400
147,000
162,100
144,800
Supply Total
370,700
390,800
407,900
425,000
408,500
Demands
370,600
390,800
407,900
425,000
434,300
Difference
0
0
0
0
-25,800
Percent Shortage
--
--
--
--
6%
Table
1 Multiple
Dry Year Supplies and Demands
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
First Year
(2013)
Supply Totals
370,800
391,000
408,200
425,200
434,700
Demand Totals
370,800
391,000
408,200
425,200
434,700
Difference
--
--
--
--
--
Percent Shortage
--
I --
--
--
--
Supply Totals'
330,900
389,300
377,600
363,200
354,900
Second
Year
(2014)
Demand Totals
370,600
390,900
407,900
424,800
434,300
Difference
-39,700
-1,600
-30,300
-61,600
-79,400
Percent Shortage
11%
0%
7%
15%
18%
Third Year
(2015)
Supply Totals'
257,500
331,200
307,200
275,800
256,800
Demand Totals
370,500
390,700
407,800
424,700
434,100
Difference
-113,000
-59,500
-100,600
-148,900
-177,300
Percent Shortage
30%
15%
25%
35%
41%
SCVWD notes that supply totals in Tables 12 and 13 are based on its current supply and
infrastructure and that:
K;IA
"The District plans to update its Water Master Plan in 2017. As part of the planning process, the
District will evaluate supply projects and programs to minimize the need to call for water use
reductions greater than 10 percent."
Normal Hydrologic Year
In normal hydrologic years, Non -Contract water is expected to be available. Cal Water also
expects increases in approved SCVWD deliveries will eventually reduce availability of Non -
Contract water. According to the SCVWD 2012 WIP, LAS District projected water scheduled
delivery amounts will be available through at least 2035.
As previously indicated, the LAS district has historically pumped only a fraction of its total
annualized well capacity, leaving the balance in groundwater storage. Because of this banking
practice, there is an adequate supply of stored groundwater in the aquifers supplying LAS district
wells.
As shown in Table 14, projected supplies are adequate to 2040.
Table 14: LAS
District
2010
Normalpp
2015
2020
20252030
Demand
Comparison
2035
2040
Supply
11,648
10,188
14,336
14,547
14,851
15,013
15,206
Demand
11,648
10,188
14,336
14,547
14,851
15,013
15,206
Difference
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sinale Dry Year
For a single dry year, Cal Water expects a reduction in Non -Contract water but not in firm
scheduled deliveries. Pumping restrictions in the Delta could have a greater impact on imported
supplies during a single dry year. But if any reduction in scheduled deliveries occurs, the needed
supply would come from pumping stored groundwater.
SCVWD maintains carryover storage in its reservoirs, locally stored groundwater reserves, and
has access of up to 50,000 AFY of drought supplies stored as groundwater in the Semitropic
Groundwater Bank. Although SCVWD's 2010 UWMP indicates a 5 percent shortfall in treated
water contract deliveries in 2020 and 2025, SCVWD in 2015 is accelerating its schedule for
increasing production capacity of its SVAWPC plant to 32 mgd by 2020. Therefore, with
implementation of this plant and other supply projects described in SCVWD's Water Master
Plan, it is assumed that there will be sufficient additional supplies so that all urban contract
deliveries can be met during single dry years. Recycled water deliveries are not expected to be
affected by a single dry year. If purchased water deliveries are reduced, groundwater pumped
from Cal Water wells will provide the necessary supply to meet single dry year demand.
As shown in Table 15, LAS District projects that it will have adequate supplies to meet demand
for a single -dry year.
38
Table 15: Las District Single Dry
Year Supply
and Demand Comparison (AF)
Difference
Multiple Dry Year Period
SCVWD gives highest priority to delivery of Contract water to urban water retailers and
indicates it will be deliver 100% of its contracted supply obligations even during multiple dry
year periods after additional supply projects are implemented in 2025. During drought periods,
SCVWD will eliminate deliveries of Non -Contract water. If drought conditions are severe
enough, SCVWD will reduce or eliminate surface water recharging to aquifers within its service
area. If further reductions are necessary, deliveries to agricultural customers will be reduced or
eliminated. Deliveries to SCVWD urban water retailers are the last to be affected by drought
conditions. Based on SCVWD supplies, policies and plans, Cal Water expects that pending the
completion of new supply projects, Contract water may be reduced to the LAS District during a
multiple dry year period as shown in Table 16. Because LAS District wells cannot pump more
groundwater than authorized by SCVWD, demand reductions will need to be implemented to
meet the available total supply. The magnitude of reductions required will depend on the degree
and duration of the drought. SCVWD considers its groundwater and imported supplies as one
source and does not distinguish between water sources when asking for demand reductions from
its retail utilities.
Supply in Table 16 is based on Table 13, which shows potentially significant future SCVWD
supply reductions. If no demand reduction actions are taken by Cal Water, supplies would be
insufficient. However, it is assumed in the WSA that in the 2nd year projected demand can be
decreased by up to 18% (year 2040) and in the 3rd year it can be decreased by up to 41% (year
2040). Therefore, while there would be SCVWD supply shortages, Cal Water would be very
proactive and implement demand reduction measures and programs when SCVWD began
projecting reduced supplies. As demonstrated by 2015 demand data, the LAS District achieved
reductions beyond the state mandated 32%. Cal Water believes that it can achieve similar
reductions if required to match SCVWD drought induced reductions in supplies.
39
Table 1: LAS District Multiple Dry Years Supply1 Demand
Comparison
2020
2025 2030
2035
2040
Supply totals
14,336
14,547 14,851
15,013
15,206
First year
Demand totals
14,336
14,518 14,851
15,013
15,206
Difference
0
0 0
0
0
Supply totals
12,759
14,547 13,560
12,761
12,469
Second
Demand totals
12,759
14,547 13,560
12,761
12,469
year
Difference
0
0
0
0
Supply totals
10,035
12,365 11,138
9,758
8,971
Third year
Demand totals
10,035
12,365 11,138
9,758
8,971
Difference
_UO—V
0 0
0
Cal Water expects that its LAS District customers will be able to achieve requested reductions in
water use. In the LAS District, total annual water use per customer is expected to be lower than
in previous dry year periods due to the greater investment in water conservation programs that
have been and continue to be implemented. As demonstrated in 2015, the most recent drought
year, the response by Cal Water customers in reducing water use was significantly greater than
anticipated based on past droughts due to improved water conservation plans, more effective
communications on the need to reduce water use and a statewide directive for urban water use
reduction from the Governor.
Climate Change
Cal Water prepared a Climate Assessment Report in 2013 that evaluates potential effects of
climate change on the water supplies of its 24 service areas in California. The report identifies
adaptation measures that Cal Water may take to address potential decreases in supply quantities
or negative changes in source water quality. DWR's Guidebook to Assist Water Suppliers to
Prepare a 2010 Urban Water Management Plan, lists topics examined in Cal Water's Climate
Assessment Report.
Adaptation measures are essentially designed to ensure that projected future supplies are reliable
despite adverse changes in existing supply quantity and quality due to climate change. For
example, snow in the Sierra Nevada provides 65 percent of California's water supply. Some
predictions are that by 2050 the annual Sierra Nevada snow pack will be significantly reduced.
Much of the lost snow will be in the form of rain, which will run off during winter and early
spring and not be available to be stored as supplies for use during summer. Change in water
runoff may significantly reduce groundwater recharge in the Central Valley increasing demands
on surface water.
40
DWR continues to work on identifying potential climate change effects on water supplies, water
demand, sea level, and occurrence and severity of weather events. Some potential changes are
summarized below:
Water demand: more hot days and nights and a longer irrigation season will increase
agricultural and urban irrigation needs; power plants and industrial processes will have
increased cooling water needs.
Water supply and quality: increased potential for algal bloom and surface and groundwater
chemistry changes; increased potential for seawater intrusion into surface and groundwaters
due to elevated seawater levels and more powerful storm surges.
Extreme weather events are expected to become more frequent as climate variability
increases, resulting in a higher frequency of more extreme droughts and floods.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Based on:
■ Existing and planned supplies from SCVWD and LAS District groundwater,
■ Cal Water's ongoing capital improvements program to maintain existing groundwater
production capacity and construct new wells to increase well production capacity,
■ Existing Agreements and plans to continue to purchase SCVWD Non -Contract water
whenever it is made available and increase basin groundwater storage for use during drought
periods,
■ In-place, ongoing and planned expanded water conservation programs and best management
practices for reducing existing demand during normal hydrologic years, single dry year and
multiple dry years in compliance with SBx7-7, CPUC and MOU requirements,
■ More stringent water conservation requirements for new developments, which will result in
lower water use rates than for comparable existing services,
■ Cal Water's historic proven success in obtaining significant reductions in water use during
multiple dry years by implementing its demand reduction program, and
■ Over 90 years of experience in continuously providing an adequate supply to meet demands
during normal, single and multiple dry years in the LAS District,
Cal Water concludes that for the 20 years from 2020 to 2040, the LAS District will have sufficient
water supplies to meet the projected demands of the proposed Vallco ASP, those of other
development summarized in this WSA and all existing and future projected customers for normal,
single dry year and multiple dry year conditions.
End of WSA
41
REFERENCES
California Water Service Company "Urban Water Management Plan LAS District"
Adopted June 2016, 949 B Street, Los Altos, CA 94024
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp/rd/
2. California Water Service Company "Urban Water Management Plan LAS District"
Adopted June 2011, 949 B Street, Los Altos, CA 94024
https://www.calwater.com/conservation/uwmp/rd/
3. Santa Clara Valley Water District "2012 Water Supply and Infrastructure Master Plan"
October 2012
4. Santa Clara Valley Water District "Wolfe Road Facilities Planning Study Report"
December 2014
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